A Study On The Regulation Of Attention Allocation On Emotional Sensitivity To Missed Opportunities In Individuals With Depressive Tendencie

Depression is a common psychiatric diagnosis in life.It is known that long-term depression could cause behavioral and physiological problems and even leads to suicide Therefore,how to relieve depressive symptoms is an urgent question.Previous studies have shown that depressive individuals have abnormal emotion processing when facing the outcome of loss.In fact,loss in life includes real loss and fictive loss,i.e.,missed opportunity.Previous studies have explored the emotion processing of depressive individuals to the outcome of real loss.However,the emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity in depressive individuals remains unclear.In addition,it remains to be clarified whether emotional sensitivity of depressive individuals to missed opportunities could be modulated by attentional deployment and the brain mechanism.Above all,this paper conducted three experiments.In experiment 1,investigating the emotional sensitivity of depressive individuals to missed opportunities.Subjects were divided into a depressive group and a healthy group based on score of Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition.All subjects completed a sequential risk-taking task.During the task,subjects were asked to open a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop.All except for one box contained a reward;the remaining box contained an adverse stimulus that caused subjects to lose all the gold that had been collected in that trial.When subjects decided to stop,the position of the devil was shown,revealing the number of missed chances.At the end of each trial,subjects needed to rated their emotion of decision outcome.In the data analysis,based on the behavioral data of each subject,a computational model was established to explore the emotional sensitivity of individuals to missed opportunities.Then,two groups of subjects’ emotional sensitivity to missed opportunities were compared investigating emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity in depressive individuals.Based on experiment 1,experiment 2 set attentional deployment manipulation,i.e.the subjects focus on the positive part(focus on gain context),negative(focus on loss context)of decision-making outcome or no attentional deployment manipulation(control context)exploring whether attentional deployment could modulate depressive individuals’ emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity.Based on experiment2,experiment 3 explores brain mechanism the modulation of attentional deployment on depressive individuals’ emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity combining EEG technology.The results of experiment 1 showed that the emotional sensitivity of the depressive group to missed opportunities was significantly greater than that of the healthy group.In other words,the depressive individuals were more sensitive to missed opportunities.The results of experiment 2 showed that the emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity of depressive group in focus on loss context and control context was greater than healthy group,but there was no difference between the healthy group and the depressive group in focus on gain context.The results of experiment 2 showed that attentional deployment could modulate the emotional sensitivity of depressive individuals to missed opportunities,and focusing on gain reduced depressive subjects’ emotional sensitivity to missed opportunity effectively.The behavioral results of experiment 3 were consistent with experiment 2.In addition,EEG results showed that the amplitude of LPP in the depressive group was significantly higher than that in the healthy group when facing missed opportunities.The amplitude of LPP in the depressive group was positively correlated with its emotional sensitivity to missed opportunities in focus on gain context.In addition,in focus on gain context,the power of parietal alpha band(10-11Hz)of the depressive group was significantly stronger than that of the healthy group,and there was a significant positive correlation between the depression score and the power of parietal alpha band in the depressive group.In conclusion,this paper explores the emotional sensitivity of depressive individuals to missed opportunities and the modulation mechanism of attentional deployment on emotional sensitivity of depressive individuals to missed opportunities.