| Niu Liang He site is located in the west of Liao He river,which is one of the most important sites of late Hong Shan Culture.As the important material carrier of Hong Shan Culture,animal shaped jades not only reflect the religious belief form of Hong Shan ancestors more than 5000 years ago and the development level of handicraft industry of late Hong Shan Culture,but also can be a bond to interpret Hong Shan Culture.Among the sites of Hong Shan Culture,Niu Liang He site has the most animal shaped jades,and these jades have various shapes,abundant connotation,exquisite materials and superb skills,and the jade is one of the most representative cultural relic of Hong Shan Culture,which reflects the special phenomenon of the use of the jade,it has distinctive characteristics of the time and region.Although the study of Hong Shan Culture has always been a popular research topic in academic circles,the study of animal shaped jades of this culture has always inclined to describe their shapes,investigate the relationships between them and the origin of civilization,this kind of research was too one-sided,lacking integration about the origin of animal shaped jades,functionary and carving skills.Therefore,based on the excavation reports of Niu Liang He site,this paper will systematically research the animal shaped jades which are unearthed from the Niu Liang He site,on the basis of sorting the discovery general situation of animal shaped jade,classifying their types,and analyzing the origin of their utensil shapes.As the funerary objects of special groups,animal shaped jades can help us to figure out their various functions according to their excavated locations,sorts,quantities and combination orders.Through related literature,we can inquire into the animal shaped jades’ material sources,carving skills and compare it with other related archaeological culture,which will further enrich the connotation of Hong Shan Culture and interpret the ideologies of ancestors of this culture. |
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