Marx’s Critique And Transcendence Of Western Traditional Humanism

Marxism is about the theory of human liberation,it always regards human as the starting point and foothold of the theory,which contains rich humanitarian thoughts.Only by correctly understanding the relationship between Marxism and humanism can we more clearly sort out Marx’s transcendence of western traditional humanism.Humanism had played an important role from the resistance against the restriction of theology in the Renaissance,to the thought of natural human rights in the Enlightenment,to Feuerbach’s humanism in the German classical philosophy.Humanism is human-centered,advocates human value,freedom and equality,and shines with the light of human nature in different periods.But at the same time,as the product of capitalism,humanism was built on the basis of idealist historical view,with certain abstractness and fantasy.In the process of criticizing the traditional humanism,Marx inherited the reasonable factors,abandoned the abstract theory of human nature in the traditional humanism,and further developed the theory of human nature,human value and human liberation.This paper is divided into three parts.The first part provides a systematic discussion of the concept of humanism,the basic problems to be solved by humanism and the development process of humanism,it analyzes the reasons for the formation of traditional Western humanism in different periods and the specific theoretical values,and explores the specific manifestations of traditional Western humanitarianism in different periods from the historical dimension,so as to explore the inner connection between Marx’s humanitarian thought and traditional Western humanitarianism.The second part mainly discusses the main content of Marx’s humanism,and analyzes Marx’s specific understanding of human nature,human value and human liberation in different periods.According to Marx’s works in different periods,we dig out the basic connotation of Marx’s humanism and grasp the important characteristics of Marx’s humanism,which is the theoretical basis for understanding Marx’s humanism.The third part explores Marx’s transcendence of traditional Western humanism.Marxian humanism,which is based on historical materialism,pulls the human being from the abstract human being in traditional Western humanism back to the real human being and transcends the abstract understanding of traditional humanism in the process of elucidating various questions about the human being.Lastly it gives Marx’s humanitarian ideal a reality-based path.The advantage of Marxian humanism lies in the complete abandonment of the unrealistic illusions of traditional humanism.Marx placed man in social relations and re-examined the relationship between man and nature,man and man,and compared with the abstract man in traditional Western humanism,the man in Marxian humanism is realistic and concrete.Marxism explores a realistic path for human liberation through the transformation of the world to achieve free and comprehensive human development,which is a great transcendence of traditional Western humanism.