The Official System Reform During The Reign Of King Jingde Of Silla And Its Comparison With That Of The Tang Dynasty

Silla unified the Korean Peninsula in the Middle Ages.Considering the situation at home and abroad,Silla established various relations with the Tang Dynasty,such as tributary,Suwei diplomacy,military alliance,and war relations.Silla continued to absorb and accelerate the establishment of the national administrative organization.By the time of King Jingde(743–755),the bureaucratic system of Silla was completed.During this period,Silla frequently exchanged with the Tang Dynasty,and the phenomenon of learning the Tang system was more prominent.Besides,the period of King Jingde was a period of intensive centralization in the middle of Silla and also a period when the Tang system was extensively adapted and reformed,showing a bureaucratic social system different from that of the previous generation.Therefore,this paper focused on the period of King Jingde of Silla in the middle of the 8th century.The thesis consists of three parts: introduction,main body,and conclusion.The introduction mainly describes the purpose and significance of this topic,relevant domestic and foreign research trends,research methods,and innovations.The first chapter mainly analyzed the measures to strengthen the centralization system in the Silla Middle Ages surrounding King Wulie,King Shenwen,and King Shengde of Silla.The pro-Tang policy implemented by King Wulie during the Jinchunqiu period was not only a diplomatic strategy;he also wanted to strengthen the kingship by absorbing China’s advanced political concepts,Confucian rituals,and national ceremonies and finally establishing a centralized power system.After King Shenwen ascended the throne,he continued to introduce policies to strengthen the royal power and adjust the original power structure.Besides,he founded Sinology and established official offices such as Weihe Office,Craftsman Office,and Lizuo Office,which systematically set up the central organization of the Chinese official system.During King Shengde’s reign,he negotiated with Tang 45 times,increasing personnel exchanges and business transactions between the two countries compared to the past.Such a high frequency of diplomacy strengthened the royal power.It made the monarchical rule of Silla in the middle ages—from the time of King Shengde to King Jingde— show its heyday.The second chapter mainly focuses on the official system of the King Jingde period of Silla,and elaborates on the central and local official systems of this period.The relationship between Silla and the Tang Dynasty during the King Jingde period was pro-Tang and remained friendly.Further insight into the reorganization of official positions is provided in terms of the establishment and functions of the Ministry of Deacons and other major official offices.In order to further expand the autocratic royal power,King Jingde carried out a comprehensive reform of the Chinese localization system.During the King Jingde period,Silla was centered on the Deacon Ministry,which consisted of the Ministry of War,the Ministry of Rites,the Ministry of Cang,the Great Office,the Siyu Office,the Suzhengtai,the Xiuli Office,the Liji Office,the Siwei Office,the Sabin Office,and the Left and Right Negotiations Office,among other principal central government offices.King Jingde changed the names of official offices and offices into Chinese characters.The system of the five small kingdoms of Silla Kyushu is a local system unique to Silla,and is analyzed in terms of its distribution,official system settings and functions,and changes in the names of places and officials.The third chapter starts with the central and local official systems of the Tang Dynasty.Further,it analyzes the comparison between the official system of Silla in the period of King Jingde and the official system of the Tang Dynasty.The core of the three provinces and six ministries is the establishment of three provinces and six ministries in the central government as the main body of the official system,with other institutions playing a supporting and complementary role,while the functions and roles of the prime minister are studied.The Tang Dynasty established a strict local system,which developed from a two-tier system of states and counties to a three-tier system of provinces,states,and counties.The Tang dynasty adopted a "provincial" approach to monitoring localities,and set up a Governor’s Office and a Guardian’s Office in the border areas.During King Jingde’s reign,Silla was deeply influenced by the Tang Dynasty in two aspects: First,the Ministry of the Executive was a department that combined the functions of the three provinces of the Tang Dynasty: Zhongshu,Menxia,and Shanshu,and it differed greatly from the official system of the Tang Dynasty in terms of institutional functions and operational forms.Silla showed more in the local system by imitating the form and borrowing the name of the Tang Dynasty,but the three levels of administrative area,Silla Prefecture,County and County,were very special ways of distributing the domain,which were different from the mechanism of implementing the level-by-level nature of the Prefecture and County in the Tang Dynasty.Secondly,the official names of the King of King Jingde were drastically changed in the period of King Jingde,and there were imitations of the official names of the Tang Dynasty,as well as the official names inherent in Silla,and the official ranking of Silla officials was set differently from the ranking of Tang Dynasty officials.The conclusion part mainly summarizes and refines the parts of this thesis.