Research On The Thought Of Human Nature In Zhuangzi

The investigation of human nature is an inquiry into the essence of human beings and concerns the question of the existence of human beings in the real world.Zhuangzi was written in the period of the mid and late Warring States.when people and society were in turmoil.Therefore,the philosophers began to think about the causes and solutions of this situation,and finally turned to the question of human nature.In particular,the Confucian thought of human nature was developed by Confucius,Confucius,Confucius and Mencius,forming the theory of benevolence and righteousness as human nature.Confucian human nature thought clearly defined the source,content and intrinsic value of human nature,providing theoretical support for the cultivation of human nature and goodness,highlighting the unique value of human nature as different from animal,and further promoting the development of human nature thought at that time.However,in the context of reality,The book of Zhuangzi argues that the Confucian theory of human nature,which takes benevolence and righteousness as the essence of human nature,has certain problems:on the one hand,there are contradictions in its connotation of human nature,and on the other hand,the implementation of benevolence and righteousness as the essence of human nature in concrete terms is,on the contrary,more harmful to the development tendency of human nature to disorder the human world.But it should be pointed out that the book of Zhuangzi does not deny the meaning of the existence of benevolence and righteousness,but only has another interpretation of benevolence and righteousness,and does not deny that benevolence and righteousness is the content of human nature,only said that benevolence and righteousness cannot be used as the essence of human nature to specify and measure human nature.The consideration of thought of human nature about Confucian and reality laid a certain foundation for the thought of human nature in Zhuangzi.Based on the text of Zhuangzi,this paper argues that it has built up a complete and systematic system of human nature thought from several levels in Zhuangzi,including the ontology of human nature,cultivation work and the realm that can be achieved,which clearly shows the inner rationale of Zhuangzi’s human nature thought.Therefore,this paper will follow this logic to explore the thought of Zhuangzi’s humanity.To be specific,Zhuangzi,clarified the ontological basis for human nature.The ultimate essence of human nature is Dao,Dao generates De,De is the direct source of human nature and constitutes the content of human nature.Qi drives Dao and De into human nature.Then,Zhuangzi defined the content and essence of human nature on the ontological sense.It’s said that De constitutes the content of human nature,and the essence of human nature also from Dao and De.In short,Zhuangzi believes that the original human nature comes from Dao and De,it’s not man-made.The human nature of Dao and De is perfect.And Zhuangzi believes that artificial activity causes the original human nature to be damaged,and then people cannot hold the original human nature,which further leads to the chaos in the world.The main reason for the loss of humanity lies in the fact that man act according to the Xin.In this regard,Zhuangzi puts forward the idea of cultivate the human nature,that is,people can and should make human nature return to De through cultivation work.The specific method of cultivation is An and Zhong.The work of An means to be in harmony with the inevitable existence of the Dao,De and Qi that remain in human nature.The work of An emphasizes knowing what is human and what is Tian,knowing that Dao and De are the fundamentals of human nature,and that human nature is not man-made.In this way,we can use nothingness to tranquilize the true nature of human beings.The work of Zhong means to transcend the treatment of right and wrong,to stand in the Dao,and to realize the harmony between human beings and all things.The work of Zhong emphasizes forgetting first,forgetting the fame,forgetting the fortune,forgetting the difference,means to transcend the treatment of right or wrong,and to realize the harmony between human beings and all things.Through the work of nature cultivation,human nature can return to the original true state.In this way,people can realize the transcendence of human being.This paper argues that the idea of humanity put forward by Zhuangzi is not only a theoretical enrichment of Chinese human nature,but also a direction for the development of man’s concrete life in the world.The ultimate point of Zhuangzi’s thought of humanity is the realistic concern for the individual life.This not only affirms the survival value of each individual,but also provides the premise of equal interaction between individuals and all human beings,between human beings and all things in the world.At the same time,this ontological basis gives man the possibility to achieve transcendence in the world.To understand the true nature of man,and to cultivate it after understanding the true nature of man,is the constant transcendence of man for himself.