Study On The Correlation Between Phenotypic Traits And Chemical Components Of Panax Notoginseng Based On “identifying Appearance And Discussing Quality??

Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng is the dried root and rhizome of Araliaceae herb Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen.It has the effects of dispersing stasis and hemostasis,detumescence and relieving pain.It has a long medicinal history and great market demand.Based on overall dialectical outlook of traditional Chinese medicine,medicinal trait is the external performance of the intrinsic quality,component is the material basis of the efficacy.It is important to conduct comprehensive quality evaluation based on trait-componentefficacy.At present,the quality evaluation and quality classification of Panax notoinseng are mainly carried out from the aspects of character evaluation,chemical evaluation and biological evaluation,but the quality of the single evaluation method still cannot achieve the purpose of overall quality analysis.Therefore,this study based on the empirical theory of"quality evaluation through morphological identification",using technologies and methods to objectively quantify the characteristics and component indicators of Panax notoginseng,combined with statistical methods to explore the correlation between traits and components,so as to provide theoretical basis for further comprehensive quality evaluation of Panax notoginseng.The results of the study are as follows:(1)The records about the shape of Panax notoginseng in ancient materia medica are generally divided into two kinds,corresponding to the modern "pimple" and "radish".In the ancient materia medica,the record of "quality evaluation through morphological identification" of Panax notoginseng is mainly developed from the angle of "shape,color,taste and texture",and it is considered that Panax notoginseng is of excellent quality in the character of Ginseng;in the color of copper iron bone is better;the taste is mainly characterized by bitter and sweet taste.It is mainly characterized by firmness in texture.(2)Panax notoginseng plants and herbs closely related between the phenotypic traits.The results of regression analysis showed that fresh weight of root,underground drying rate,fresh weight of rhizome,dry weight of rhizome,dry weight of fibrous root and dry weight of rootlet were the main factors affecting the dry weight of root.And the growth of Panax notoginseng plants in Fumin County(KM-FM-1)of Kunming was the best.The results of clustering analysis showed that Panax notoginseng from 30 producing areas could be clustered into four groups by 16 phenotypic traits of underground parts,among them,Panax notoginseng of Wenshan,Qujing is mainly clustered into one group,composite scores ranked in the top 20;Panax notoginseng of Chuxiong,Honghe,Kunming is mainly grouped into one group,composite scores ranked in the last of 20～30.To quantitatively characterize the "color" character,the ranges of color values of dL,da*,db*,dE*ab are-30.41～-12.27,-1.99～3.25,25.94～37.24,31.90～45.08 respectively.There are great differences in brightness,yellow and blue axis and total chromaticity.To quantitatively characterize the "qi" character,a total of 10 characteristic peak response values were extracted from the MXT-5 low polarity sensors:F15min,F17min,F18min,F53min,F87min and MXT-1701 polarity sensors:F20min,F22min,F24min,F58min and F93min.Among them,F15min,F17min,F20min and F22min could be used as the distinguishing characteristic points of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas.To quantitatively characterize the "taste" character,the response values of high-sensitivity sensors on PKS,CTS,NMS and SCS could effectively characterize the "bitter taste" character of Panax notoginseng,but could not well reflect the character of "the sweet",which fully proved that bitterness was the main taste characteristic of Panax notoginseng.Principal component analysis results show that notoginseng medicinal materials as a whole can be divided into two classes,and the discriminant rate can reach 94.80%.(3)The contents of five monomer saponins,dencichine and PNS in Panax notoginseng were analyzed by HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.It was found that notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Re were the most affected by individual differences and growth environment.The contents of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rd,R1+Rg1+Rb1,R1+Rg1+Re+Rb1+Rd,PNS and dencichine were determined to be 0.24%～8.52%,1.25%～11.71%,0.06%～3.08%,1.17%～11.11%,0.26%～3.07%,3.18%～23.97%,and 3.67%～27.82%,3.40%～38.87%,and 0.59%～2.07%respectively.Five major monomer saponins and the contents of R1+Rg1+Rbl and R1+Rg1+Re+Rb1+Rd in Panax notoginseng from different producing areas were as follows:Honghe(HH)>Wenshan(WS)>Kunming(KM)>Guizhou(GZ),Qujing(QJ)>Chuxiong(CX).The producing area of Panax notoginseng with low PNS was Guangnan County,Wenshan City,and Yanshan County of Wenshan,while the producing areas with high PNS were Shilin County of Kunming,Maguan County of Wenshan and Mile City of Honghe.The producing area with low content of dencichine is mainly in Honghe,while the producing area with high content of dencichine is mainly in Wenshan.The overall analysis of chemical composition shows that Honghe has the possibility of becoming the dominant producing area with the change of producing area.(4)Canonical correlation analysis found that there was a strong positive correlation between traits and components.between fresh weight of root,fresh weight of rootlet,NMS and ginsenoside Rbl;between dry weight of root,dry weight of rootlet,PKS and ginsenoside Rd;between dry weight of rhizome and ginsenoside Rd;between fresh weight of rhizome and ginsenoside Rb1;between F24min,db*and notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Re;between dL*,da*,dE*ab,F18min and PNS,dencichine;between fresh weight of root and ginsenoside Rbl;between dry weight of root and ginsenoside Rd was positively correlated respectively,while the density index related to "texture" was weakly correlated with the components of Panax notoginseng.Cluster analysis,principal component analysis and other methods were used for comprehensive quality evaluation of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas,and the optimal indexes for marking the quality of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas were finally selected as follows:PKS,CTS,NMS,notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rd,F17min,F22min.