Study On The Endosymbiotic Bacteria And Nutritional Function Of The Black Spiny Whitefly Of Tea Tre

Camellia spiny whitefly,Aleurocanthus camelliae（Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae）is widely distributed in China.Aleurocanthus camelliae can not only suck tea tree leaves to harm tea trees,but also excrete honeydew,which induces sooty disease and seriously affects tea trees to carry out photosynthesis,causing a decline in the yield and quality of tea trees and posing a serious threat to tea production.At present,the problems caused by the chemical control methods used against the Aleurocanthus camelliae,such as rising resistance of the pest,deterioration of the ecological environment and the killing of natural enemies,are becoming increasingly prominent.Therefore,the study of green and safe biological control techniques,including insect symbiotic bacteria interactions,the use of natural enemies and biopesticides,has become a research hotspot in recent years.As different species of insects in the same genus,Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus have various symbiotic bacteria in their bodies,and their species,abundance and biological functions on the host have not been studied.Antibiotics,as the main method for studying the function of insect symbiotic bacteria,can remove symbiotic bacteria from the insect body and have an impact on the host Therefore,in this paper,we investigated the symbiotic bacteria in Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus based on high-throughput sequencing of 16S r RNA gene and ITS gene to obtain information on the composition and diversity of the symbiotic bacterial and fungal communities and to identify the dominant groups.We also used the age-stage two-sex life table to analyze the developmental history,survival rate and reproduction rate of the antibiotic-treated whitefly and control,and measured the total protein content and transaminase activity to explore the relevant effects of the symbiotic bacteria on the host insect.The main results were as follows:（1）Symbiotic bacteria in both species of camellia spiny whitefly were absolutely dominated by phylum Proteobacteria,and the dominant genera were mainly five endosymbiotic bacteria,Candidatus＿Portiera,Arsenophonus,Wolbachia,Pseudomonas and Rickettsia.There was a significant difference in symbiotic bacteria abundance of nymph between the Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Wolbachia and Sphingomonas,and there was a significant difference in symbiotic bacteria abundance of adults between the Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Wolbachia and Terriporobacter.（2）The following symbiotic fungi were mainly found in the two camellia spiny whitefly,Cladosporium,Cercospora,unidentified＿Tremellomycetes＿sp,Penicillium,unidentified＿Pleosporales＿sp,Strelitziana,Pseudocercosporella,Paraphaeosphaeria,Didymella and Isaria.There was a significant difference in symbiotic fungi abundance of nymph between the Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus on unidentified＿Pleosporales＿sp,Didymella,Vishniacozyma,Hannaella and unidentified＿Tremellales＿sp,and there was a significant difference in symbiotic fungi abundance of adults between the Aleurocanthus camelliae and Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Fusarium,Hannaella and Papiliotrema.（3）The reduction of the bacterial symbionts in A.camelliae resulted in a decrease in host fitness,as evidenced by a longer larval developmental duration,reduced survival rate and shorter adult lifespan,with antibiotic treatment causing a significantly longer total preadult duration（55.92 d）in aposymbiotic insects compared to the control（49.75 d）of A.camelliae.Survival rate of antibiotic treated whitefly progeny（0.36）was lower than that of control individuals（0.60）.The intrinsic rate of increase（r）,finite rate（λ）,net reproductive rate（R₀）and mean generation time（T）were 0.0279 d^-1,1.0283 d^-1,5.25 and 59.51d respectively for treated A.camelliae and 0.0446 d^-1,1.0456 d^-1,10.65 and 53.08 d for control.（4）The total protein content in A.camelliae was significantly increased after treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin,and the ALT and AST activities were significantly reduced while the GS activity was significantly increased.