Research On The Preservation Technology Of Maotai Distiller's Grains And Their Mixed Silage With Stra

With the rapid development of animal husbandry,the demand for forage is increasing,and the shortage of feed is becoming more and more serious.Guizhou,as a typical karst landform area in southwest China,has serious stony desertification,soil erosion and soil exhaustion,and low forage yield,which is difficult to meet the needs of animal husbandry development.Therefore,it is imperative to develop and utilize unconventional feed resources.As a by-product of industrial brewing,distiller’s lees is a kind of unconventional feed resource with large quantity,concentrated source and stable source.Moutai distiller’s grains,as a representative of Moutai-flavor distiller’s grains,are rich in nutrients and can be used as high-quality feed for livestock.However,the production of distiller’s grains is large.According to statistics,the amount of distiller’s grains in Moutai reached 250,000 tons in 2020.At the same time,Guizhou Province is rich in crop straw resources,the annual output of straw is about 26 million tons.As a kind of roughage,straw contains high crude fiber content,more lignin,low nutritional value,poor palatability of feeding livestock,which will limit the production performance of livestock and reduce the production level.To solve the above problems,the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Moutai distiller’s grains were studied in this experiment.At the same time,the mixed silage of Moutai distiller’s lees and different crop straw(corn straw and straw straw)was studied.Through the determination of nutrient composition,fermentation quality and microbial diversity,the best preservation method and time of Moutai distiller’s grains and the best proportion of mixed silage with different straw were selected comprehensively.Therefore,it provides scientific theoretical basis for improving the utilization of distiller’s lees and straw feed in Guizhou,and provides resource guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of ecological animal husbandry in this area.The main research results are as follows:(1)Four storage methods are commonly used in production,namely green cellar(J),self-made vacuum fermentation(Z),ton pack fermentation(D)and canned fermentation(G),to preserve fermented lees.Samples are taken at the 7th,14 th and30th days of silage.The contents of NDF and ADF were significantly lower at 7d than at 14 d and 30d(P<0.05),while the content of WSC was the highest and CP was well preserved.The p H value was the lowest,and LA content was significantly higher than that on 14 d and 30d(P<0.05).The content of AN in group J was the lowest,the content of LA was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05),the contents of AA and PA were lower.With the extension of fermentation time,the content of Lactobacillus decreased,and the content of Bacillus in the other three groups increased significantly except group J.(2)In the mixed silage of Moutai distiller’s grains and corn straw,the contents of DM and CP showed an increasing trend,while the contents of NDF and ADF showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the added proportion of Moutai distiller’s grains.The contents of DM and CP in 60% Moutai distiller’s grains were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups(P<0.05).The contents of NDF,ADF and WSC were significantly lower than those in other treatment groups(P<0.05).The p H of all treatment groups was lower than 4.2,adding Moutai distiller’s grains significantly increased the content of LA,decreased the contents of PA,BA and AN,adding 60%Moutai distiller’s grains had better fermentation quality.The relative abundance of firmicutes and Lactobacillus was significantly increased by adding Moutai distiller’s grains.The highest Lactobacillus content was found when adding 60% Moutai distiller’s grains.Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of fungi,and the relative abundance of Kazachstania-Candida＿clade increased with the addition of Moutai distiller’s grains,and the relative abundance of J:Y6:4 Kazachstania-Candida＿clade was the highest at the genus level.(2)In the mixed silage of Moutai distiller’s grains and corn straw,the contents of DM and CP showed an increasing trend,while the contents of NDF and ADF showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the added proportion of Moutai distiller’s grains.The contents of DM and CP in 60% Moutai distiller’s grains were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups(P<0.05).The contents of NDF,ADF and WSC were significantly lower than those in other treatment groups(P<0.05).The p H value of all treatment groups was lower than 4.2,adding Moutai distiller’s grains could significantly increase the content of LA,and reduce the contents of PA,BA and AN,and the fermentation quality of 60% Moutai distiller’s grains was better.The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus was significantly increased by adding Moutai distiller’s grains.The highest Lactobacillus content was found when adding 60%Moutai distiller’s grains.At the level of fungi,the dominant phylum was Ascomycota,which increased the relative abundance of Kazachstania-Candida＿clade at the level of genus.(3)In the mixed silage of Moutai distiller’s grains and straw,the contents of DM,CP and WSC were significantly increased,while the contents of NDF and ADF were decreased.The addition of Moutai distiller’s grains significantly decreased p H,and the fermentation indexes were significantly different among treatment groups(P<0.05).The LA content and Lactobacillus relative abundance of 60% Moutai distiller’s grains were the highest.At the phylum level,the addition of Moutai distiller’s grains increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota fungi.At the genus level,the dominant fungi genera were Kazachstania-Candida＿clade,Pichia and Schizosaccharomyces.The addition of Moutai distiller’s grains could increase the relative abundance of Pichia and Schizosaccharomyces,but had little effect on the relative abundance of KazachstaniaCandida＿clade.In conclusion,the maximum storage time of Moutai distilling grains in the green storage cellar is 7 days,and it is not recommended to store for a long time.The silage with good quality can be obtained by adding 60% Moutai distiller’s grains to corn straw and straw straw.