Identification And Systematic Analysis Of The Main Fungal Diseases Of Fruit Trees In Guizhou Provinc

With the continuous expansion of the fruit tree planting industry in Guizhou Province in recent years,and the special fruit industry brand planted in the province has become one of the "twelve special agricultural industries" that the province is striving to develop.It has effectively created a number of high-quality regional fruit brands in Guizhou.However,with the continuous expansion of the planting area of fruit trees in Guizhou Province,as well as the uninterrupted planting pattern in a year,a variety of fungal diseases are repeatedly infested and prevalent in the planting process of fruit crops in the province,which obviously reduces the yield and quality of fruit trees and threatens the development of fruit industry in Guizhou Province.Therefore,in order to basically investigate the types,distribution and damage of fungal diseases of major fruit crops in Guizhou province,and to provide reference for the prevention of diseases in the fruit tree planting industry in the province.In this study,fungal disease specimens were collected from the major fruit tree industries(passion fruit,dragon fruit,plum,apple and other fruit tree crops)in Guizhou province from 2021 to 2022,then the specimens were processed in the laboratory,the pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified,and the pathogenic fungi were identified by molecular phylogenetic and morphological methods,and finally,the disease characteristics were combined to make a generalization.The pathogenicity of the strains isolated from the diseased specimens was verified in strict accordance with Koch’s rule.The main structure is as follows.1.Combined with symptom characteristics and pathogen identification results,a total of 54 species of fungal diseases were collected.Among them,there were 4 kinds of passion fruit fungal diseases: anthracnose(Colletotrichum fructicola,Co.karstii),leaf mold(Cladosporium tenuissimum,Cl.subuliforme).There is 1 kinds of rosa roxburghii fungal disease,including: leaf spot disease(Paraphaeosphaeria michotii).There were 2 kinds of tangerines fungal diseases,including: anthracnose(Co.gloeosporioides),fruit rots(Trichothecium roseum).There were 9kinds of walnut fungal diseases,as: leaf spot(Alternaria daucifolii,Discosia celtidis,Neodidymella thailandicum,Periconia byssoides,Neopestalotiopsis sp.,Phaeosphaeria sp.),anthracnose(Co.gloeosporioides,Co.fructicola,Co.luodianensis).There were 3 kinds of dragon fruit fungal diseases,for: anthracnose(Co.gloeosporioides,Co.fructicola),dragon fruit ulcer disease(Neoscytalidium dimidiatum).The only one fungal disease of pear is: stem and leaf blight(Diaporthe nobilis).There were 4 kinds of plum fungal diseases,as: leaf spot disease(Alt.kaiyangensis,Alt.Alternata,Pestalotiopsis bicilia),silver leaf disease(Exserohilum rostratum).There were 3 kinds of fungal diseases of longan,as: leaf spot(Dia.tectonendophytica,Neop.basjo,Nigrospora rubi).Five fungal diseases of loquat,namely: fruit rot(Alt.daucifolii,Dia.nobilis,Dia.longicicola,Didymella sp.,Epicoccum endophyticum).One fungal disease of apple,Botryosphaeria auasmontanum caused apple ring rot.Five fungal diseases of pomegranate,as:fruit rot(Alt.tenuissima),leaf spot(Coniella granati,Dwiroopa punicae,Ep.sp.,Pes.bicilia).Three fungal diseases of peach,as: leaf spot(Alt.tenuissima),gray mold(Botrytis cinerea),brown rot(Monilinia fructicola).Seven species of fungal diseases of poplar plum,as: leaf spot disease of waxberry(Neop.sp.,Neop.samarangensis,Neop.sp.,Pes.bicilia,Pes.rhodomyrtus,Pes.telopeae,Pes.aggestorum).Two fungal diseases of cherry are: leaf spot(Dia.kochmanii)and brown rot(M.kusanoi).Four species of fungal diseases of grapefruit,as: anthracnose(Co.fructicola,Co.karstii,Co.citricola),and sooty mould disease(Leptoxyphium glochidion).Among these 54 diseases found,a total of 32 diseases were reported for the first time in this study.2.It was found that the genus Colletotrichum topped the list in terms of the number of isolated strains,the family Pestalotiopsidaceae(Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis),the genus Diaporthe,the genus Alternaria and the genus Cladosporium ranked second in terms of the number of isolated strains,and the other genera were less isolated.Combined with field observations,anthracnose caused by strains of Colletotrichum spp.had a high incidence and prevalence on fruit crops in Guizhou province.