Effects Of Fertilization Patterns In Different Ecological Zones On Rice Yield And Qualit

Rice is the main food crop in Guizhou.With the gradual improvement of people’s living standards,people’s demand for rice has also changed from quantity to quantity and quality.Guizhou is a mountainous province of YunnanGuizhou Plateau,and the three-dimensional climate is obviously diverse and complex.In view of the three-dimensional climate conditions of Guizhou Province,it is of great significance to study the effects of fertilization modes in different regions on rice yield and quality in order to promote the development of high yield and high quality of rice in Guizhou Province.In this experiment,Yixiangyou 2115,a high quality indica hybrid rice widely planted in Guizhou Province,was used as the material.Two fertilization modes,conventional fertilization mode(C)and nitrogen fertilizer backward mode(A),were set up in Zheng’an,Guiyang and Xingyi ecological regions from 2020 to 2021.The yield and yield formation of Yixiangyou 2115 in different ecological regions,the quality difference of different ecological points and the formation law of fertilization mode on rice yield and quality were studied.The main results are as follows :1.The yield of nitrogen fertilizer backward mode was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization mode.The main reason is that the number of effective panicles,dry matter,leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,nitrogen accumulation and population growth rate after heading in the nitrogen fertilizer backward mode are higher than those in the conventional fertilization mode.The nitrogen fertilizer backward mode forms a suitable leaf area index and a suitable high-yield population structure,which is conducive to the transfer of dry matter to grain in the late stage and the formation of high yield.The yield of Xingyi was significantly higher than that of Guiyang and Zheng’an.The important characteristics of high yield formation were ‘ more effective panicles and higher seed setting rate ’.The main reason is that the highest temperature before heading in Xingyi is higher than Zheng’an and Guiyang,and the early tillering of rice is faster,and the temperature difference can inhibit the occurrence of ineffective tillering,so as to further improve the tillering rate of Xingyi,and form more effective tillers,so that the dry weight of Xingyi at jointing stage and heading stage is relatively higher than Zheng’an and Guiyang,and the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential are higher.However,affected by high temperature,temperature difference and sunshine duration after heading,the dry matter accumulation at Xingyi was relatively high,and the dry matter was the largest at maturity stage,with high seed setting rate and high yield.2.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate of nitrogen fertilizer backward mode were better than conventional fertilization mode,nitrogen fertilizer backward was beneficial to improve the brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice in nitrogen fertilizer backward mode were higher than those in conventional fertilization mode,and the appearance quality of conventional fertilization mode was better than that of nitrogen fertilizer backward mode.Compared with the conventional fertilization mode,the nitrogen fertilizer backward mode had shorter gel consistency and lower amylose content.At the same time,the nitrogen fertilizer backward mode had higher gelatinization temperature,longer gelatinization peak time of rice flour,lower peak viscosity and breakdown value of rice flour,and higher setback value.The conventional fertilization mode had better cooking and eating quality.The protein content of nitrogen fertilizer backward mode was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization mode,and nitrogen fertilizer backward mode was beneficial to improve the protein content of rice.In different ecological regions,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate were the highest in Guiyang,and the brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate were the lowest in Xingyi.The correlation analysis showed that the temperature factors and sunshine hours after heading were negatively correlated with brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of Xingyi were significantly higher than those of Zheng’an and Guiyang,and the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of Guiyang were the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice were positively correlated with average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours after heading.The gel consistency and amylose content of Guiyang were the highest compared with Zheng’an and Xingyi.The gel consistency and amylose content were negatively correlated with the average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours after heading.The breakdown value of Xingyi point is the smallest,the setback value and gelatinization temperature are the largest,and Guiyang point is the opposite.The protein content in Xingyi was the highest,and that in Guiyang was the lowest.The increase in temperature after heading would increase the protein content in rice.