| At present,Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata is mainly cultivated artificially.Continuous planting of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata in the same planting hole will cause continuous cropping obstacles of low yield and poor quality.In the production area,the old hemp holes are basically discarded after excavation of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata and are no longer used.Some people think that Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata can be replanted after a few years of natural recovery,but what changes will occur to the soil during the natural recovery period,and it will take a few years before replanting Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata,are not clear.In addition,after planting Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata,the old holes cannot be reused,and they are left idle for a long time,which is also a waste of land resources.Aiming at the above problems,in this experiment,the natural restoration of 0 to 5 years of hemp hole soil was carried out,study on rotational crop of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.,and different strains of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata were studied.The main findings are as follows:(1)Changes of soil properties in different years of natural restoration.With the increase of restoration years,the pH value and organic matter content of soil in 0～5years of natural restoration showed an upward trend,and the pH value of soil in Ma cave was lower than that of non-Ma cave,and the organic matter content in Ma cave was 2.14～4.16 times of that in non-Ma cave.The contents of polyphenol oxidase,catalase,urease,acid phosphatase and sucrase in the soil planted with Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata were significantly higher than those in the soil not planted with Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata.With the increase of natural recovery years,the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the soil increased first and then decreased.The activities of urease and acid phosphatase decreased first and then increased,while the activities of catalase and sucrase decreased.Benzoic acid,vanillin and dibutyl phthalate were identified as potential allelochemicals from the soil extracts of 0～5 years natural recovery.In view of its proportion in that total substance,With the increase of natural recovery years,the relative content of the three potential allelochemicals showed a significant downward trend.The relative contents of Benzoic acid,vanillin and dibutyl phthalate were 10.96%,3.95%and 20.09%,respectively,which were the highest in Maxue soil after 0 year of natural recovery.After 1～5 years of natural recovery,the relative contents of Benzoic acid,vanillin and dibutyl phthalate were1.12%～3.88%and 1.19%～3.20%,0.10%～13.88%,respectively.The richness and diversity of fungi and bacteria in the soil naturally recovered for 0～5 years showed an increasing trend with the increase of recovery years.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Curvularia and Blastomonas decreased.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased,while that of Bradyrhizobium decreased.Among the fungi,Basidiomycota showed a downward trend,Ascomycota and Ascosphaera showed an increasing trend,the relative abundance of Mortierella and Procryptococcus increased,and the relative abundance of Trichoderma decreased.(2)In the study on replanting Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata in soil after 0～5 years of natural recovery.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata and Armillaria mellea in different years of natural recovery.In the soil of 0～5 years of natural recovery,the worst growth of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata was in the soil of 0 year of natural recovery.There was no Jian Ma growth,only a small amount of“Bai Ma”32.01 G/m~2.The best one is to recover for 5 years,and the total yield is 737.56 g/acupoint.And Jian Ma is 513.86G/hole,the number of“Jian Ma”is 8/hole.The total yield of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata,The total yield of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata,the yield of Jian Ma and the number of Jian Ma in 5 years of recover in the five years of restoration were still 60.52%,67.99%and 56.36%less than those in the newly excavated points,respectively.Armillaria mellea grew best in the soil of natural restoration for 0～5 years,and the rhizomorph biomass of Armillaria mellea was 15.83 G/hole and the tensile strength was 9.47 N in the soil of natural restoration for 5 years,which had no significant difference compared with that in the newly dug soil.The worst is the recovery of 0years of anesthesia.The rhizomorph biomass of Armillaria mellea was 1.52 G/hole,and the tensile strength was 3 N.The contents of Gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were the highest after 5 years of natural recovery,which were 0.65%and 0.60%,respectively.The contents of the extracts of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata.This study shows that after planting Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata,even after 4 to 5 years of natural recovery,the growth of new Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata and Armillaria mellea is still not as good as that of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).(3)Study on the rotation of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.on old Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata points.Compared with the soil before the rotation of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.,the soil pH value,soil organic matter,total nitrogen content,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium content increased after the rotation of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl..The results of single factor experiment showed that the plant grew best when the seed stalk was80～90 G,the plant height was 142.76 cm,the rhizome diameter was 8.82 mm,and the leaf area was 13.36 mm2.When the planting density was 4 plants per hole,the plant grew best,the plant height was 103.02 cm,the stem diameter was 9.55 mm,and the leaf area was 20.61 mm2;When the amount of fertilizer was 0.25 kg/hole,the plant grew best,the plant height was 135.07 cm,and the stem diameter was 9.74 mm and16.94 mm.The results of orthogonal experiment showed that when the seed stem size was 70～80G,the planting density was 4 plants/hole,and the fertilizer application rate was 0.15 kg/hole,the plant grew best,with the plant height of 127.18 cm and the stem diameter of 10.36 mm.Seeding and growth were normal after the rotation of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.on old Ma points,and the quality of medicinal materials had reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020edition).The results of single factor experiment showed that the seed stem size was80～90 G,the planting density was 3 plants/hole,and the fertilizer rate was 0.35kg/hole;the results of orthogonal experiment showed that the seed stem size was 70～80 G,the planting density was 4 plants/hole,and the fertilizer rate was 0.15 kg/hole.(4)Study on germplasm screening and continuous cropping of Gastrodia.elata Bl.f.elata.The total yield,Jian Ma yield and Jian Ma number of the selected superior line 4 were 344.99%,319.68%and 65%higher than those of the control,respectively,and the difference between them was significant,so the line 4 had a certain degree of continuous cropping tolerance.The quality analysis showed that the quality of strain 4and the control reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).The contents of Gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and Gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in line 4 were 81.25%,133.33%and 101.89%higher than those in the control,respectively.The drying rate and extract were 26.57%and 61.74%higher than those in the control,respectively.The moisture and total ash were 24.93%and 27.83%lower than those of the control.Compared with line 41,the test germplasm improved the above results and reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). |
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