Research On The Qing Government’s Control Policy On Border Trade During The Qianlong Period

Since the signing of the " Kyakhta Boundary Treaty" between China and Russia in 1727,Kyakhta has rapidly developed into a trade center between Russia and the Qing Dynasty by virtue of its unique geographical advantages.However,the Qing government decided to "punish" Russia by "stopping the market" because Russia repeatedly violated the treaty and encroached on the border.This became one of the initiatives of the Qing government to counteract Russia.During the Qianlong period,the Kyakhta trade experienced three suspensions.The suspension of the Kyakhta market changed the relationship between the Qing court and Russia,and at the same time made the Qing court change its trade policies towards Russia.With the suspension of Kyakhta,the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Russia has changed.In order to prevent merchants and Mongols in the border areas from conducting private trade with Russia,the Qing government also adjusted its trade policies with Russia in a timely manner.During the suspension of the market,the Qing government not only repatriated all the merchants in Kyakhta,but also sent troops to garrison Kyakhta to guard against Russia.At the same time,the Qing government also strengthened the inspection of Karun on the border and the procedures of returning horses and livestock,and imposed severe punishment on private traders.When the Qing Dynasty reopened the Kyakhta trade,it also formulated relevant rules and regulations to make the Kyakhta trade more orderly.Through the above-mentioned policies,the Qing government not only effectively controlled the trade between Chinese merchants and Mongolians in Khalkha Mongolia and Russian merchants,but also stabilized the rule in the Khalkha Mongolia area and effectively prevented Russia from crossing the border.the occurrence of the event.The policy changes of the Qing government during the suspension of the market also had an important impact on the political,economic,and social aspects of Kyakhta and the Khalkha Mongolian region.From the above,during the suspension of Kyakhta,various changes took place in the relationship between Qing society and Russian society,as well as the relationship between Qing Dynasty and Russia.At the same time,through the changes in the Qing court’s policy towards Kyakhta,we can further understand the Qing court’s rule over the Khalkha Mongolian region,and we can also glimpse a side of the development history of Sino-Russian relations in the Qing Dynasty.This is an important period worthy of attention.