A Study On Several Issues Of The Yikzhao League Station During The Late Qing Dynasty And Republic Of China

The Yikzhao League Station was established during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.From east to west,it was divided into Dongsuhai Station,Jiksut Station,Bayanbulak Station,Aruurtu Station,Barsuhai Station,and Chahanzadahai Station.In the Qing Dynasty,it was under the jurisdiction of the General of Suiyuan City,and during the Republic of China period,it was under the jurisdiction of the administrative agency of the Mongolian Tibet Committee,namely the Hukou Station Management Bureau.The Yikzhao Leagueand its affiliated Mongolian Banners had no jurisdiction.Each station has 50 Taiding(Mongols ethnic group),that is,50 households.The Qing government allocated 20 kilometers in length and width for each station,which is not only a pasture for working horses at the station,but also a self-sufficient production and living land for 50 households of Taiding to graze and cultivate.Each station is a community that exists independently of the local Mongolian flag.At first,the station land was assigned to 50 Taiding and their families for grazing and cultivation,and others were not allowed to rent it.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the government began to open up land for station cultivation.In the early years of the Republic of China,except for the sixth Chahanzadahai Station,where some land was reclaimed by Cao surnamed landowners,the remaining five stations were continued to be reclaimed from the acres of the Sha Hukou Station established by the Beijing government of the Republic of China.After the reclamation of the station land,Han Chinese farmers who led the reclamation and Taiding worked together in production and life,influencing and blending with each other.After the reclamation of the station land,it gradually becomes agricultural and forms a natural village.In addition to the villages that evolved from the household registration land of Taiding,Han Chinese farmers enter the jurisdiction of Taiding by traveling to the west or immigrating from nearby areas such as Yulin and Fugu in northern Shaanxi,purchasing household registration land from Taiding,or obtaining land from the land reclamation bureau.The villages formed from Taiding’s registered permanent residence have distinctive Mongols cultural elements in their names,which are mostly translated from Mongolian pronunciation.The villages formed by mainland farmers leading the cultivation of terraces and stations are branded with the culture of mainland immigrants.The natural and man-made disasters suffered by the Suiyuan region in modern times were mainly drought and banditry.The jurisdiction of the station has also been severely affected by natural and man-made disasters,directly affecting the agricultural and animal husbandry production of Taiding,and affecting the livelihoods of Taiding and their families.Due to the fact that the station is an independent organization from Mengqi,when facing disasters,either self rescue or reporting the disaster or requesting relief from the Shuhukou Station Management Bureau.Social charity organizations also provide relief for station disasters.Overall,during the Republic of China period,the disaster relief efforts in the jurisdiction of stations were inadequate,and the problem of corruption caused by the exploitation of disaster relief funds was equally serious.