Research On The Traceability Of Early Chinese Celestial Flying Figures

There are two sources of early Chinese celestial flying figures,one is from the image style of Kushan and Gupta in India,and the other is from the image style of the Jiangnan area in the early Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.The former is called Indian-style flying,and the latter is called Jiangnan-style flying.After the reformation of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty,the two styles of flying figures experienced coexistence and blending in the grottoes,and finally tended to be unified in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.China’s Indian-style Celestial flying figures originated from Indian image styles,and were mainly concentrated in the Sun Wu,Western Jin,Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Wei dynasties.According to the comparison of the image styles of flying figures in China and India,most of the images of flying being in China in this period originated from the Indian Mathura style and the Gandhara-Kapi?a sample style.Among them,most of the Indian mosaic styles.According to historical data and archaeological discoveries,the route of India flying figures to China was gradually transferred from the "South Road" to the "Silk Road".In the extant tombs and grotto temples of the Southern Dynasties,there is a type of image style called "Tian-ren" and "Fei-xian",which are the same as the image of Celestial flying being in terms of modeling characteristics,and belong to the same image style system.Its image style originated from the creation of Jiangnan painters in the early Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.According to the historical records of painting and the popular era of the flying image style in the Southern Dynasties,it is likely that this type of image originated from the Liu Song painter Lu Tanwei.The shape of flying figures on the back of the cross-footed Maitreya statue unearthed in Shanxi is the same as that of Luoshen in the "Luo Shen Fu Tu" created by Gu Kaizhi,and they are in the same line of painting style,so there is a gap between Gu Kaizhi and Jiangnan style flying figures Contact,"The Statue of a Heavenly Girl" created by him is likely to be the embryonic form of Jiangnan-style flying figures.Since the Sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen,the Northern Dynasties actively learned the culture of the Southern Dynasties,and a large number of Jiangnan-style flying figures appeared in the grotto art of the Northern Dynasties.The Jiangnan-style flying figures originated in the south of the Yangtze River and the Indian-style flying figures originated in India experienced coexistence(the two styles of flying figures existed at the same time)and blending(the two styles of flying figures merged)in the grottoes of the Northern Dynasties,and finally formed a unique Chinese style in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.And mature Feitian image style.At the same time,the prototypes of Jiangnan-style Celestial flying figures and Indian-style ones gradually disappeared,and the image of Chinese Feitian no longer absorbed the image style of Indian Flying beings.