| "Kneeling"(跪拜)verbs refer to verbs that contain kneeling behavior.Among them,"Bai"(拜),"Gui"(跪),"Kou"(叩)and"Ke"(磕)are generic verbs,which have been used without interruption since the emergence of the pre-Qin Dynasty,and cover Chinese Mandarin and dialects for a long time,with a wide range.We take them as research objects to investigate their semantic evolution and try to reveal its evolution mechanism and motivation.The full text is divided into three parts,including introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction part mainly describes the research content and significance,research status,research methods and literature sources.Through the summary of relevant studies,we find that the current academic research on"Bai"(拜),"Gui"(跪),"Kou"(叩)and"Ke"(磕)mainly focuses on the structural evolution of"Bai V"(拜V),the humble words and the posture of kneeling,while the semantic field research is scattered in the semantic field of"squatting"(蹲坐)and"hitting"(打击),which is not systematic enough.The second to sixth chapters of this paper are the main body,which respectively sort out the evolution process,mechanism and motivation in terms of words.And the sixth chapter is a summary of the previous laws.The second chapter examines the semantic evolution of"Bai"(拜).As the first member to produce the meaning of kneeling,"Bai"(拜)has the richest meaning.This chapter examines the 14 ways of meaning generation including the original meaning,infers the time of occurrence and reveals the extended relationship and evolution motivation of each meaning.The third chapter examines the semantic evolution of"Gui"(跪).This chapter examines the seven paths evolved from"Gui"(跪),and explains in detail the reason why"Gui"(跪)was originally a member of the"squatting"(蹲坐)righteousness field,and left the it,then entered the"kneeling"(跪拜)righteousness field after the Wei and Jin dynasties.The fourth chapter examines the semantic evolution of"Kou"(叩).As a fixed courtesy usage in letters,"Kou"(叩)has irreplaceable communicative value.This chapter combs its semantic evolution and reveals the reason why it loses its vitality in modern Chinese.The fifth chapter examines the semantic evolution of"Ke"(磕).The"Ke"(磕)has appeared in the pre-Qin period,and it was not until the Tang and Song dynasties that it regained its vitality.This chapter,combined with Chinese historical data and dialect data,reveals the importance of the frequency of use of words to the extension of word meaning from the perspective of word meaning development.The sixth chapter is a comprehensive review.We find that the evolution of"kneeling"(跪拜)verbs mainly follows the two paths of"body action verb>spoken verb\psychological verb".In addition to cognitive metaphor and metonymy,the members of the system will also interact with each other,and"Combination Assimilation"(组合同化)and"Congruence"(聚合同化)have a certain effect on the emergence of new meanings.In the conclusion part,the full text survey results are collected and sorted out,and the semantic integration of"kneeling"(跪拜)verbs"Bai"(拜),"Gui"(跪),"Kou"(叩)and"Ke"(磕)is drawn into a semantic map,which roundly shows the extension process of its semantic path,and forms a relatively systematic research result,providing material basis for the study of Chinese generic verbs. |
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