"Homelessness" And Its Overcoming

In his Letter on Humanism,Heidegger believed that Marx had fallen into the "homeless state" of modern people starting from Hegel.The key to the question is whether Marx really fell into the "homeless state" as Heidegger said,or whether this is just Heidegger’s wrong interpretation of Marx.In order to clarify the essence of Heidegger’s statement of Marx’s "homeless state",this thesis attempts to explore it by constructing a creative dialogue between Marx and Heidegger,and on this basis,deeply understand Marx’s philosophy and the philosophical revolution launched by Marx to overcome metaphysics.On the basis of Heidegger’s works,this thesis combs out three bases for Heidegger to judge Marx as "homeless".Then starting from Marx’s text,it shows that Marx did not fall into what Heidegger called "homeless state".Heidegger’s homelessness is closely related to metaphysics.In Heidegger’s philosophical vision,the homeless state is the sign of the existence of the forgotten state.In Heidegger’s view,the western metaphysics for two thousand years is the study of the existence,and the existence is still forgotten.Therefore,Heidegger’s judgment of Marx as "homeless" is equivalent to that of Marx as forgotten existence,that is,metaphysics.The thesis is divided into three parts:The first part is the analysis of Marx’s return to the "homeless state" of modern people.Heidegger judged Marx as homeless on three main grounds.First,in the Letter on Humanism,Heidegger believed that Marx’s materialism lay in a metaphysical provision,under which all beings were represented as materials of labor.Second,in the Principles of Thought,Heidegger believed that Marx was still within the scope of Hegel’s metaphysics.Heidegger’s metaphysical judgment of Marx was completed by Marx’s inheritance of Hegel’s concept of "labor".Third,in the 1973 Zelingen Seminar,Heidegger believed that Marx’s "production-consumption people" had reached the extreme of nihilism,and Heidegger believed that Marx’s production theory had brought mankind the danger of destroying itself.In Heidegger’s view,the philosophical root of homelessness lies in metaphysics.Therefore,Heidegger’s judgment that Marx is a metaphysics is equivalent to the judgment that Marx is homeless.In the view of French philosopher Axellos,homelessness is the essence of nihilism.Therefore,homeless state and nihilism are different,but have similarities.The second part is Marx’s response to Heidegger’s "homeless state".According to the analysis of Marx’s homeless state,we respond to Heidegger respectively,which shows that Marx is not the metaphysics that Heidegger said,so he did not fall into the homeless state.Heidegger’s judgment of Marx’s "homeless state" and his interpretation of Marx’s theory are not in line with Marx’s original intention.First,Marx’s materialism is not in the regulation of metaphysics,but has achieved the overcoming and transcending of metaphysics.Second,Marx did not fall within the scope of Hegel’s metaphysics,but stepped out of Hegel’s metaphysics.Third,Marx is not nihilism,let alone nihilism.Heidegger believed that Marx’s reaching the extreme of nihilism was a wrong interpretation of Marx’s theory.The third part is Marx’s overcoming of the "homeless state" of modern people.The first is Heidegger’s "homelessness" from the perspective of "thinking of existence".Through the tracing of Heidegger’s concept of "homeless state" and the elaboration of "home" in Heidegger’s vision,this thesis leads to Heidegger’s existing problems and Heidegger’s view on the problem of truth.Heidegger’s "home" is "existence"."Homelessness" means that in the process of western metaphysics,the study of existence has been replaced by the study of existence,and the state of existence has been forgotten.The second is the construction of Marx’s "way home".Through combing the traditional western metaphysics and the characteristics of the separation of subject and object in modern philosophy,it is pointed out that the philosophical revolution launched by Marx on the basis of the concept of "practice" has truly overcome metaphysics and broken through the "internality of consciousness" in modern philosophy,thus overcoming the philosophical root metaphysics of "homeless state " as Heidegger said,and has gone out of the "homeless state" as Heidegger said.