| People face a wide range of decisions,from a personal shopping choice to a government’s response to an international emergency.Whether the decision is correct or not is related to the vital interests of oneself or the property and life safety of others.At the same time,people are also constantly searching for ways to improve decision-making ability.Although there have been some studies on improving decision-making ability by training executive function,there is still no conclusion on which aspect of executive function can be generalized and transferred to decision-making ability.Inhibitory control is the ability to suppress irrelevant,interfering,incorrect or unsuitable goal-oriented dominant reactions,impulses,behavioral choices and automatic behavior habits.It is not only an important part of executive function,but also closely related to the suppression function of System 2 processing in the Dual-process theory of decision-making.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study whether inhibition control training can improve decision-making ability.Research purposesIn this study,we studied the effects of two classical inhibitory control tasks on two decision-making tasks: balloon analogue risk task and Cambridge gambling task.Behavioral and EEG techniques were used to evaluate the training effect of inhibition control to provide techniques and methods for effectively improving decision-making ability.Research methods1.Go/Nogo and stop signal task(SST)were used as training tasks to increase the generalization effect of inhibition control ability training through automatic suppression and top-down control suppression,respectively.2.Recruit a military cadet as a subject and randomly assigning them to a training group or a control group.Evaluate the decision performance of balloon analogue risk task and Cambridge gambling task respectively.3.In the second part,EEG data acquisition based on Go/Nogo and Stroop tasks was added,and N2 index of inhibition control in ERP was used to evaluate the training effect.Research results1.The training group gradually improved the performance of the two classical response suppression tasks(Go RT: F = 34.987,P < 0.001;SSRT: F = 38.416,P < 0.001).According to ANOVA of repeated measures,there was a significant time × group interaction about conflict effect and conflict score in Stroop task(conflict effect: F = 6.821,P = 0.012;conflict score: F = 5.664,P = 0.021).Conflict effect and conflict score in the training group were significantly decreased after training(P < 0.001),while there was no statistical difference between pretest and posttest in the control group(Conflict effect: F = 1.025,P= 0.320;Conflict score: F = 0.697,P = 0.411).2.In the balloon analogue risk task,there was a significant time × group interaction in the total amount obtained and BART value index(amount: F =4.653,P < 0.05;BART value:F =7.615,P < 0.01).The total amount and BART value of the training group after the test were significantly higher than those of the pre-test(average amount increased by 66.50 yuan,F =11.273,P < 0.01;BART value increased 2.56 times on average,F = 20.554,P <0.001),while there was no statistical difference between pretest and posttest in the control group(amount: F =0.174,P =0.680;BART value: F =0.213,P =0.648).In the training group,there was a significant negative correlation between the initial threshold and the amount of training improvement(amount: r=-0.734,P < 0.001;BART value: r=-0.620,P< 0.001).3.In the Cambridge gambling task,there was a significant time × group interaction in risk adjustment indexes(F =5.934,P < 0.05).Risk adjustment in the training group was significantly higher than that in the pretest group(F =15.025,P < 0.01),while there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest in the control group(F=0.066,P=0.799).In terms of decision quality index,the main effect of grouping(F=0.081,P=0.778)and interaction(F =0.008,P=0.928)were not significant,while the main effect of time was significant(F =7.011,P=0.012).According to ANOVA of 2(control group and training group)×2(pre-test and post-test)repeated measurements of decision time,the main effect of grouping(F =0.920,P =0.343)and test time(F =1.481,P =0.231)and their interaction(F =0.515,P =0.477)were not significant.4.In the Go/Nogo task,the interaction effect between time and group of N2 component amplitude at FZ and CZ was significant(FZ: F =12.068,P < 0.01;CZ: F =5.165,P <0.05).There was significant difference between pretest and posttest in the training group(FZ: F =32.525,P < 0.001;CZ: F =17.827,P < 0.001),while there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest in the control group(FZ: F =0.959,P=0.340;CZ:F = 1.148,P=0.297).In Stroop task,the interaction effect between time and group of N2 component amplitude at CZ was significant(F =7.636,P < 0.01).There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the training group(F =113.447,P < 0.001),and there was still a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the control group(F=32.838,P < 0.001).The variation of N2 component in the training group was greater(t=2.763,P < 0.01).The correlation between the variation of N2 component before and after at CZ in the two tasks was further analyzed,and a significant positive correlation was found(r=0.567,P < 0.01).Research conclusions1.Two weeks of inhibition control training(Go/Nogo and stop signal tasks)not only improved the performance of related training tasks,but also reduced the conflict effect in untrained Stroop tasks.2.Through the inhibition control training,the subjects could choose a more appropriate time to stop inflating in the balloon analogue risk task and effectively avoid overly conservative behavior,thus obtaining more money.3.Through the inhibition control training,the subjects could control and adjust the proportion of betting in the Cambridge gambling task more rationally.4.The EEG N2 index confirmed the effect of inhibition control training not only in the training task,but also in the untrained inhibitory control task. |
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