Research On Modern Chinese Counter-mirativity Negative Structures Related To Subjective Small Quantity

The unexpected emotion is a very common psychological experience in our daily life.According to the principle of the unity of opposites of contradictions,people’s attitude to the event since there is unexpected emotion must also have no unexpected emotion.As a matter of fact,there is an objective discourse category in language,which is named as counter-mirativity.Counter-mirativity refers to the use of specific language means by the speaker to show that he is not surprised about something in the speech,and at the same time hope to eliminate the listener has or may have unexpected emotion,to achieve an unexpected reversal of the hearer.Based on the existence of the above counter-mirativity meaning,this paper chooses four structures which contain negative elements in form and subjective small quantity in meaning,that is,“haibushi” “bujiushi” “wufeishi”and “buguoshi”as the objects of our study,the process of their pragmatic transformation into counter-mirativity markers is further discussed and explained.At the synchronic level,it is found that the four structures tend to be the same in the specific distribution pattern of counter-mirativity discourses and the marked semantic types of counter-mirativity.However,when these four structures are all counter-mirativity markers,“haibushi”and “bujiushi” can easily appear in the rhetorical questions and co-occur with interrogative mood words,compared with “wufeishi” and“buguoshi”,and with the speaker dissatisfaction,anger,heckling and other negative emotional attitude.From the perspective of diachronic evolution,the functional process of these four language forms can be summarized into two paths“rhetorical question—subjective small quantity—counter-mirativity” and “Negation—subjective small quantity—counter-mirativity ”,these two paths correspond respectively to the functional evolution of “haibushi” and “bujiushi” “wufeishi” and “buguoshi”.“Haibushi”“bujiushi” “wufeishi” and “buguoshi”have subjective and small quantity meaning characteristics,which is an important premise for them to develop counter-mirativity function.Pragmatic inference and contextual absorption are the main mechanisms that induce these four structures to form counter-mirativity semantics,while subjectivization and inter-subjectivization are the important factors that promote the formation of counter-mirativity semantics.