| Prisoners are a special group in war.During the war of Resistance against Japan,prisoners of war should be protected by Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.Compared with the Japanese army’s enslavement,torture and killing of captives,and the use of captives for criminal human experiments,The Chinese side,whether in the district ruled by Kuomingtang or the district ruled by the Communist Party of China,truly respected and gave preferential treatment to Japanese captives,guaranteed the basic rights of captives,and accelerated their transformation from being unwilling to be humiliated as a prisoner to the Japanese anti-war camp.In the current research on Japanese captive management,the research on the antiwar leader Nosaka Sanzo and the Japanese school of workers and peasants in the district ruled by the Communist Party of China has been well studied.Some achievements have also been made in the management of Japanese prisoners of war in KMT areas,mainly focusing on the Anti-war Alliance led by The Japanese Communist Party,Hitsuki Gen,under the background of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.However,as the reception and reform of Japanese pows in the kuomintn-administered areas were very complicated and dispersed,it is necessary to clarify the important role of the military and political department,the core department of the management of Japanese pows,and the personnel in charge.This paper uses the archives of The Second Historical Archives of China,the International Peace Museum of Ritsumeikan University in Japan,the "National History Museum" in Taipei,the memorial hall of heping Village in Zhenyuan County,Guizhou Province,chongqing Archives,Shanghai Archives and other places,as well as a variety of newspaper materials during the Nanjing Nationalist Government.Through the research of the competent officer Zou Renzhi in the national government,Analyze the overall level and existing problems of Japanese captive management in the period of total Anti-Japanese War and the early post-war period.Zou Renzhi,the research object of this paper,was born in 1911.He studied in Japan early and was proficient in Japanese.During the war,he served as the director of several prisoner camps under the Military and Political Department of the Nationalist Government and was in charge of the reception and reform of Japanese prisoners for a long time.In October 1938,zou Renzhi moved the second Captive camp of the Military and Political Department in Changde,Hunan province to Zhenyuan,a major military location in southeast Guizhou Province.In March 1939,he built the Chongqing branch of the Second Prisoners’ Camp of the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs,which was located Liujiawan,Nanquan,Banan,Chongqing.And he was also the director of the branch.In May 1943,Zou Renzhi expanded the establishment of chongqing Prisoner Concentration Camp near the present Banan Tuqiao,Chongqing,as the director of the camp colonel.This paper draws lessons from relevant theories of psychology,focuses on the interaction between Zou Renzhi and Japanese prisoners,and studies the change process of behavior and thought of Japanese prisoners,the most stubborn group of prisoners.In the captive shelter managed by Zou Renzhi,the living habits of Japanese prisoners were respected,the self-governance of Japanese prisoners was always advocated,and ideological education of the prisoners was emphasized.He also held regular recreational and sports activities,provided humanitarian medical treatment for sick and injured captives,and even erected a memorial tablet for the burial of dead captives.Moreover,with the support and assistance of Zou renzhi,29 Japanese captives from chongqing branch made the world’s first anti-war film starring captives,The Light of East Asia.Its humanized management mode prompted some of the prisoners to awaken and participate in the Japanese anti-war movement,and some of the prisoners wrote "Japanese Crimes Certificate",exposing the Crimes of Japanese invasion of China with personal experience,which played an important role in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the trial of Japanese war criminals.In addition,based on a large number of data of Japanese prisoners of war,the author makes a brief analysis of the source,age,death rate and occupation of the prisoners in the Chongqing prisoner camp of the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs managed by Zou Renzhi by means of statistics,so as to reconstruct the situation of Japanese prisoners of war in the later period of the Anti-Japanese War.In addition,this paper also focuses on the cooperation and contention between Zou Renzhi and lu Digan,an anti-war democrat in the third Hall of the Political Department.On the one hand,they had close contact and cooperation throughout the war,and jointly promoted the development of anti-japanese movement in China.But on the other hand,they also have differences and contradictions on the management mode of Japanese prisoners of war,leadership ownership and other issues,at the same time,the kuomintang’s inherent policy of "dissolving the communist party,preventing the communist party,limiting the communist Party and opposing the Communist Party" and the complex factional struggle within the Nationalist government greatly hindered the effect of the reform of Japanese prisoners of war in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.After the victory of the war,the problem of surrender in China’s army of Japan captured and retained the Japanese expatriates in China was growing obvious.In order to better promote the repatriation,the third army founded "Japanese emigrants administration","prisoners of war service institutions" in Shanghai,specialized in the management of the repatriation of Japanese prisoners and Japanese living in Shanghai.After the war,Zou Renzhi devoted himself to the work of repatriating Japanese prisoners and Japanese living in Shanghai.In September 1945,he was appointed by Tang Enbo as major General and Deputy Director of Japanese Overseas Chinese Administration Office in Shanghai and Deputy Director of Prisoners of War Administration Office in Beijing and Shanghai.Under the principle of mild and lenient repatriation by the Nationalist government,Zou Renzhi and others established the Shanghai Japanese Overseas concentration Area and established the Japanese Overseas Autonomous Council to manage the Japanese overseas through the traditional Baojia system.In June 1946,Zou renzhi was awarded the Order of the Medal of Freedom by the United States General Command in China for his good and rapid repatriation of Japanese captured overseas Chinese in Shanghai.Later,he went to northeast China to supervise the repatriation of Japanese captured overseas Chinese.In this paper,through the Japanese captured officers represented by Zou Renzhi,we can see the national government’s policy and concrete practice of "paying good for evil" towards Japan during the total Anti-Japanese War and the early post-war period,which is in sharp contrast to the Japanese army’s cruelty to Chinese prisoners,showing the national government’s humanitarian spirit and morality height.However,it is undeniable that while Zou Renzhi actively fulfilled his responsibilities and completed the management of Japanese prisoners,he also had his own selfishness in the management of Japanese prisoners and overseas Chinese.Corruption and other phenomena can also reveal some internal problems of the Nationalist government from his transformation.But it is undeniable that Zou Renzhi in their duties actively,good finish,captive management work at the same time,he told the daily captive Japanese emigrants management also hide their own self,ere from ever spend their savings on career in management,then appeared the phenomenon such as corruption,can also shift from his inside some of the problems exposed the national government.More than 70 years have passed since the Second World War,and "peace" and "development" have become the themes of the times.The second internment camp Zou Renzhi management of the minister of war town far kijong-dong is China’s most complete wartime internment camp,as a national key cultural relics protection units,also as Japan’s invasion of peace between the two peoples history.It is of great significance in the history of the Chinese people’s Anti-Japanese War and the world’s anti-fascist war.The experience of the Nationalist government in dealing with the Japanese captive issue also has certain reference value for the current study of Sino-Japanese relations. |
