Towards History Itself

"Towards history itself" is the spiritual purport of Marx’s philosophy of history.Before Husserl founded phenomenology,Marx first used the method of historical phenomenology to eliminate all transcendental hypotheses,describe history in accordance with the true face of history and its emergence,and restore history to human perceptual object activities.The direct presentation of history itself is accepted in perceptual object activities.Throughout the entire history of Western speculative historical philosophy,from Plato to Hegel,in the exploration of history,they have tried to construct a universal and extensive principle of historical interpretation,and finally concealed the historical boundaries of their own theories in abstract methods.In response to this,Marx transitioned from non-historical thinking to historical thinking and reduced speculative history to history itself,established the historical practical implication,and created a historical philosophy with true revolutionary power—historical phenomenology.For the first time,this article refers to the "German Ideology",the iconic document of the birth of historical materialism,as the "real place" of Marx’s historical phenomenology.This article believes that Marx’s historical phenomenology is not based on any perspectives and regulations,it is the historical materialism created by Marx in "German Ideology".In the context of Marx’s historical phenomenology,history itself is not something outside and beyond the world.History is a realistic history,created by real people,and a living thing.This essay takes "towards history itself" as the main line,conducts a phenomenological investigation of "German Ideology",restores abstract and complicated historical issues to history itself,and achieves a true understanding of history.On the basis of reading and integrating the masterpieces of Western philosophy,the classic works of Marx and Engels and related documents,this article combines the real life conditions of contemporary human beings,and discusses Marx’s historical phenomenology from four aspects: the starting point,the substrate,the revolutionary meaning and the significance of the new era of Marx’s historical phenomenology.Conduct systematic and comprehensive research.The full text is divided into three parts and five chapters:The introduction is the first part,which briefly reminds the reason of the topic,the significance of the topic,the review of the research status,the research methods and the innovations of this article.Chapters 1 to 4 are the second part,which is the main part of this article.The first chapter reviews the history of historical conceptual construction,revealing the fundamental flaws of speculative historical philosophy.Chapters 2 to 4 provide in-depth discussions and analyses on the starting point,substrate,and revolutionary meaning of Marx’s historical phenomenology,respectively,and explain and study Marx’s premises,foundations,and essence of history in detail.Answers to questions such as historical power and historical liberation.The fifth chapter is the third part,which mainly explores and analyzes the significance of Marx’s historical phenomenology in the new era.Clarifying that it is helpful to the reconstruction of the discourse system of ideological propaganda work in the new era,to the construction of the academic discourse system with Chinese characteristics in the new era,and to the historical understanding of communism in the new era.