A Study Of Tombs Found At Jinnan Rejion During Last Stage Of Neolithic Age

There are several large cemeteries at Jinnan Region such as Taosi,Xiajin,Qingliangsi and Zhoujiazhuang.Based on the analysis of these four cemeteries,this article compares their similarities and differences and their relationship with the surrounding archaeological culture,then discusses the rise and fall at Jinnan Region during last stage of Neolithic Age.First,the article outlines the reasons of the topic selection,and defines the research scope from two aspects of Jinnan Region and the last stage of Neolithic Age.The main research objects are the second-phase of Miaodigou Culture,Taosi Culture and Sanliqiao Relics.Then the article combs the discovery and research history of these three cultures,summarizing the discovery of related tombs in chronological order and the research status according to the theme.Analysis of the tombs of Taosi Site includes the layout of the cemetery,stage and age,tomb’s characteristics.The early cemetery is divided into southeastern and northwestern regions.There is a phenomenon of arranging by sex in the southeast region.The northwestern region is buried in a row with high-level tombs as the center.Rows of tombs and groups of tombs in the late cemetery coexist,reflecting the changes in social organization.The tombs are divided into early,middle and late phases according to the pottery stage.In terms of characteristics of the tombs,the mid-late period is relatively similar,and there is a clear difference from the early period,suggesting that there may be some change between the two.The overall framework of Qingliangsi Cemetery is the same as that of Taosi.The second stage cemetery was divided into five areas according to the arrangement of tombs,and the third and fourth stage are arranged in rows,reflecting that there is a special plan for the management of the cemetery.M58,M66 and M67 in the second phase of the report are classified into the third phase.The tomb level quantification method of "Tomb Value" and "Type Value" is used to divide the second phase of the tomb into five levels.The number and combination of funerary items of different levels are different.Finally,the identity of the tomb owner is inferred that Qingliangsi ancestors,characterized by buring jadeware,communicated with the surrounding archaeological culture through the export of salt,and then social differentiation took place.In the third and fourth phases,a specialized functional agency for exporting salt was formed.According to the analysis of Xiajin Cemetery,the article points out that Xiajin Cemetery is in the end of the early phase of Taosi Culture and belonged to the later,under the jurisdiction of Taosi.Qingliangsi is a stronghold of Taosi,which is located in the southern foothills of Zhongtiao Mountain.It is synchronized with the rise and fall of Taosi,and the later’s influence has reached the salt lake of Yuncheng Basin.The analysis method of cultural factors is used to discuss the cultural factors contained in the tombs in Jinnan during this period.The two-story terraces,niches,pottery related to daily life and stony production tools belong to local traditions,Slightly influenced by Kexingzhuang and the third phase of Wangwan Culture.Doubleear cans,profiler,musical stone and dragon patterns are the factors of northern region.Most of the jadeware,pig canines and mandibles are deeply affected by Dawenkou and Longshan Culture."V" shaped knife,porous knife and ring-shaped jade directly from Lower Yangtze River.Overall,the early period of Taosi was greatly affected by Lower Yellow River and the Lower Yangtze River.With the combination of local cultural factors,Taosi culture was prosperous,and the southward movement of the northern cultural factors in the middle and late periods led to a change in the tomb system and concept.Finally,from a diachronic perspective,the social complexity which the tombs reflected in the late Neolithic in Jinnan is investigated,concluding that its rise and down depend on innate factors,social connotations,economic factors and historical trends.