Analysis Of Deterioration Of Cultural Relics Sculpture And Related Protection Research

Cultural relics are important material carriers in the long course of historical development and witness to human civilization.Through cultural relics,we can learn a lot of information such as the cultural level,religious belief,productivity level and economic status at that time.Among them,sculpture in the open air environment occupies an important position and is the focus of cultural relics protection.In this paper,precious historical samples such as stone carving of qianling tomb in shaanxi,stone carving archway of yujia and colored sculpture of huayan temple in datong are studied and protected.The specific research contents are as follows:1.Explores the components of the qian tomb stone carvings and weathering mechanism,analysis the qian tomb disease mainly include: the typical disease basically has the following three aspects,one is the surface structure of weathering,fractures are the main problems of the qian tomb stone carving,the second is the destruction of the microbial colonies,such as the formation of calcium oxalate,3 it is outside pollutants,the formation of gypsum in the most typical,and this is the physical weathering Together with the chemical and biological weathering,has carried on the corresponding reinforcement protection at the same time,and the compressive strength,hardness,acid test,hydrophobic,chromaticity and bibulous rate weathering experiment proved that organic silicon class reinforcement material can complete protection of micro fissure filling,at the same time,has the good hydrophobic,also reduced the outside pollutants and microorganism attachment effect,at the same time,good weather resistance,can be good protection of stone relics.2.The reasons for the weathering of yujia archway and the composition,structure,macro morphology and micro morphology of the reinforcement materials were analyzed from multiple angles and at multiple levels.the reaction mechanism of reinforcement was explored and explained,and the reinforcement effect was evaluated at the same time.The microstructure analysis of the reinforced samples by SEM-EDS shows that the reinforced materials have strong adhesion and can form a good bond with the stone cultural relics.After using VPDMS-OH= 30% reinforcement material,the compressive strength is improved significantly.In the test of water absorption,acid resistance,salt resistance and freeze-thaw resistance,the hardened samples also showed good weather resistance,which reflected the advantages of the system in strengthening dolomite stone cultural relics.3.Through a stered microscope combined with EDS and Raman method of coloured drawing or pattern layer on the surface of the elements were analyzed,and the main material to decide the blue pigment can for azurite(2Cu CO3.Cu(OH)2),the main material for cinnabar(Hg S)red pigment,red lead(Pb3O4),the main material of green pigment is green copper(Cu Cl2.3Cu(OH)2),the main material of yellow pigment can for orpiment(As2S3).At the same time,the information of organic additives was detected by THM-PY-GC/MS.According to the results of pyrolysis,the cementing materials used in blue,red,yellow and green pigment samples were colloin,while the cementing materials used in gold pigment samples were colloin and cooked tung oil.At the same time,the reason of deterioration of clay foetus was analyzed and the corresponding reinforcement and protection was carried out.