Study On The Correlation Between Trace Element Metabolism And Blood Lipid Levels In Rural Population Of Ningxia

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population,to analyze the correlation between trace elements and the risk of dyslipidemia and the level of blood lipids,and use the model to evaluate the effect of multiple trace elements co-exposure on dyslipidemia and the interaction of trace elements on the level of blood lipids,so as to provide some reference basis for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Ningxia and further study of the mechanism of trace elements participating in the metabolism of blood lipids.Methods This study is a cross-sectional study based on the cohort study Ningxia project of natural population in the northwest region.From March 2018 to July 2020,a total of 15802 people aged 25-74 were surveyed in rural areas of Qingtongxia City and Pingluo County.A total of 15802 people completed the baseline survey.Then 30% of the subjects were randomly selected,and 5300 people were selected as the study population to measure blood and urine biochemical indicators.Conduct descriptive research on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects.Evaluate the impact of urine trace element concentrations on the risk of developing dyslipidemia through an unconditional logistic regression model.Using a linear regression model and restricted cubic spline(RCS)to evaluate the effect of urine trace element concentration on blood lipid levels.The Bayesian kernel regression model(BKMR)was used to evaluate the cumulative effects and interactions of mixed exposure to trace elements on blood lipid indicators.This study was analyzed using Excel 2019,SPSS 26.0,and R language.Results1.Basic characteristics of the research objectExcluding the subjects with insufficient biological samples and lack of general demographic information,4511 people,1857 men and 2654 women,were finally included in this study.The average age of the subjects was 57.33 ± 9.95 years.The proportion of subjects with education below high school is up to 59.3%,92.3% of the subjects were married,The proportion of overweight and obesity was 62.0%.The number of people who never drink tea,drink alcohol,smoke and exercise was 43.2%,76.6%,85.5% and 57.9% respectively.The height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of the subjects were(160.17 ±8.03)cm,(64.45 ± 10.80)kg,(87.54 ± 9.94)cm and(94.59 ± 5.40)cm respectively.The prevalence of hypertension was 45.5%,and the prevalence of diabetes was 9.1%.The levels of TC,TG,HDL,LDL,urine Cr,urine Co,urine Cu and urine Cd were 4.85(4.21,5.47)mmol/L,1.44(1.03,2.11)mmol/L,1.32(1.13,1.55)mmol/L,2.77(2.29,3.31)mmol/L,0.49(0.01,1.38)ug/L,0.21(0.13,0.37)ug/L,9.01(5.67,13.98)ug/L,0.38(0.21,0.68)ug/L.2.The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study subjectsThe prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population was 36.7%,of which the prevalence of high TC was 10.2%,and the prevalence of high TG was 20.6%,the prevalence of low HDL is 13.5%,and the prevalence of high LDL is 7.2%,mainly high TG and low HDL.Compared with men,the prevalence of dyslipidemia in women is lower,but the prevalence of high TC and high LDL is higher.The prevalence of dyslipidemia among people with different education levels,different marital status,different BMI,different tea drinking,drinking,smoking,and exercise is different.3.The effect of trace element concentration in urine on the risk of dyslipidemiaUnconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of dyslipidemia was reduced by 24%(OR=0.76,95% CI: 0.62-0.94)compared with the first quantile(Q1)of urinary chromium concentration in the general population in the quartile(Q4).In the female population,the risk of dyslipidemia increased by 37%(OR=1.37,95% CI: 1.08-1.75)and26%(OR=1.26,95% CI: 1.00-1.60)in Q2 and Q4 of model 1 urine copper concentration compared to Q1,respectively.Model 2 further adjusted for urinary chromium,copper,and cadmium.Compared with Q1,Q2 and Q4 with urinary copper concentrations showed a 39%(OR=1.39,95% CI: 1.09-1.79)and 32%(OR=1.32,95% CI: 1.01-1.72)increase in the risk of dyslipidemia,respectively.In the total population,after model 2 adjustment,the risk of dyslipidemia was reduced by 20%(OR=0.80,95% CI: 0.67-0.96)in Q4 urine cadmium concentration compared to Q1.In the male population,after adjusting for Model 1,the risk of dyslipidemia increased by 26%(OR=1.26,95% CI: 0.96-1.66)in Q4 urine cadmium concentration compared to Q1.Model 2 found that the risk of dyslipidemia increased by 36%(OR=1.36,95% CI: 1.01-1.82)in Q4 urine cadmium concentration compared to Q1.4.Study on the relationship between the concentration of trace elements in urine and the level of blood lipidsThe results of linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between urine cobalt and the levels of TC,TG,HDL and LDL(P<0.05),a significant negative correlation between urine cadmium and HDL(P<0.05),and a positive correlation between Cr and TC,Cu and TG.5.Effect of mixed exposure of trace elements on abnormal blood lipidsThe BKMR model was used to observe the cumulative effect of trace element mixture on blood lipid level indicators.The levels of TC,TG and HDL decreased with the simultaneous increase of four trace elements,indicating that the trace element mixture has a negative combined effect.The trace element mixture may have a positive combined effect on LDL.6.Interaction of multiple trace elements on blood lipid levelCu and Co have negative interaction in the association with TG,while Cd and Co have positive interaction in the association with TG.There is a positive interaction between Cu and Cd in the association with HDL.Cd and Co have negative interaction in the association with LDL,while Cu and Co have positive interaction in the association with TG.Conclusion1.The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population is 36.7%,the prevalence of high TC is 10.2%,the prevalence of high TG is 20.6%,the prevalence of low HDL is 13.5%,and the prevalence of high LDL is 7.2%,mainly high TG and low HDL.2.Within the current range of trace elements,the concentrations of cobalt,copper,and cadmium in urine are significantly correlated with the risk of dyslipidemia.In the general population,cobalt and cadmium in urine are protective factors for non dyslipidemia,while copper in urine is a risk factor for dyslipidemia.3.The concentration of four trace elements in urine is significantly correlated with the level of blood lipids.Chromium,cobalt,copper and cadmium play an important role in the metabolism of TC,TG,HDL and LDL.4.The levels of TC,TG and HDL decrease with the increase of the concentrations of the four trace element mixtures,indicating that the trace element mixtures have a negative combined effect on TC,TG and HDL.The LDL level increases with the increase of the concentration of the four trace element mixtures,indicating that the trace element mixture has a positive combined effect on LDL.5.Cu and Co have negative interaction in the association with TG,and Cd and Co have positive interaction in the association with TG.There is a positive interaction between Cu and Cd in the association with HDL.Cd and Co have negative interaction in the association with LDL,while Cu and Co have positive interaction in the association with TG.