| ObjectivesTo explore the differences of the fecal intestinal flora and metabolites between children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and normal children.To analyze the changes of the fecal intestinal flora and metabolites in children with ASD after receiving probiotic intervention.To compare the changes of urine metabolites tryptohan and 5-hydroxytryptamine in children with ASD after receiving probiotic intervention.And to explore the effect of probiotic intervention on symptoms,intestinal flora and metabolites in children with ASD.MethodsA total of 38 children with ASD who attended the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from September 2020 to July 2021 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group with 20 children and a control group with 18 children.At the same time,24 healthy children were selected as the normal children’s group.The children in the observation group were given complex probiotics combined with ABA intervention,while those in the control group were only given ABA intervention.The treatment outcomes were compared between the observation group and the control group.Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition(PEP-3)was used to evaluate the severity of behavioral symptoms of ASD in both groups before intervention and at 3 months after intervention.The fecal and urine samples were collected to analyze the difference in intestinal flora and metabolites based on 16 S r RNA high-throughput sequencing,gas chromatography techniques and ELISA.ResultsCompared with the normal children’s group,the Chao index,Ace index and Shannon index of the intestinal flora of ASD children increased,and the Simpson index decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the normal children,the ASD children had significantly lower relative abundances of Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Prevotella,Blautia,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,Streptococcus,Lactobacillus,Veillonella,Anaerostipes,Lachnospira,and had significantly higher relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Alistipes(P<0.05).Compared with the normal children’s group,the ASD children had significantly decreased concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and total SCFAs and increased concentrations of valeric acid(P<0.05).Acetic acid was positively correlated with Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium(P<0.05).Butyric acid was positively correlated with Lachnospira(P<0.05).Total SCFAs were positively correlated with Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Blautia,Bifidobacterium,Prevotella and Lachnospira(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of PEP-3 scale in the observation group and the control group were significantly higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of the PEP-3 scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,there were no significant differences of the Chao index,Ace index,Shannon index and Simpson index between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).After the intervention,the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,Prevotella,Blautia,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Veillonella,and Lachnospira in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the relative abundance of Escherichia species-Shigella in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the concentrations of acetic acid,butyric acid and total SCFAs in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with normal children,the levels of urine metabolites tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine were significantly increased in the control group and the observation group of children with ASD.After the intervention,the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the observation group of children with ASD were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions1.The levels of the fecal intestinal flora and its metabolites SCFAs in children with ASD were significantly different from those in normal children.The difference was manifested by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease levels of SCFAs.It suggests that structural changes in the intestinal flora and disturbances in its metabolite levels may play a role in the development of ASD disease.2.Probiotic intervention can improve the dysbacteria of intestinal flora in children with ASD,affect the level of intestinal flora metabolites,and help improve the symptoms of autism in children with ASD.3.Children with ASD have urinary metabolism disorders.Probiotic intervention has a certain effect on improving urinary metabolism disorders,which provides new ideas for the treatment of ASD. |
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