| Objectives:With the aging and advanced ageing of the population,the syndrome of cognitive frailty is increasingly recognized and valued.Cognitive frailty emphasizes the coexistence of physical decline or pre-physical decline and cognitive impairment and is an important factor affecting the prevalence of disability and mortality in older adults.Some studies have shown that cognitive frailty is influenced by various factors such as age,previous illness,nutrition,and physical exercise,but most existing studies have not included hearing,vision,and dietary habit factors,and there are few studies on cognitive frailty in older adults in Shenyang and Jinzhou,so this study investigated 866 cases of cognitive frailty in older adults in Shenyang and Jinzhou and analyzed the influencing factors,and analyzed factors in different age stages,which provides a reference for targeted prevention of cognitive frailty in the elderly and optimization of the elderly management model.Methods:From 2018 to 2022,this study is a cross-sectional survey,using a convenience sampling method.In this study,questionnaires were administered to older adults in Shenyang and Jinzhou to collect general information,information on physical diseases,medication information,and psycho-psychological conditions of patients,and to assess the nutritional status of patients using Short-Form Mini-Nutritional Assessment(MNA-SF),and the cognitive frailty of the elderly was assessed by the Activities of Daily Living Scale(ADL),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and the Frailty Scale(FRAIL).Epidata3.1 and SPSS 21.0 software were used for data entry and statistical analysis.The sample was divided into two groups according to whether cognitive frailty was present,with count data expressed as frequencies and percentages,and measurement data described by median and interquartile spacing,using rank sum test and chi-square test to compare the differences between groups for all factors.Multi-factor logistic forward stepwise regression was performed using whether cognitive decline was the outcome variable,combining the results of one-way analysis(P < 0.1)and factors that had an effect on cognitive frailty in previous studies,and the ratio(OR)and 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated.Subgroup analyses were performed according to age groups to explore factors influencing cognitive frailty in different age groups(< 75 and ≥ 75 years).A twosided P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference.Results:1.basic characteristics of the study population: 866 cases of older adults aged 60 years or older were included in this study,with a sample mean age of 73.08±8.83 years,385 cases(44.5%)of males,538 cases(62.1%)in 60 to74 year olds.2.cognitive frailty status: 99 cases(11.4%)of older adults had cognitive frailty.3.the results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in cognitive frailty among older adults with different age,occupation,BMI,dietary habits,physical activity,hearing and nutritional status(P < 0.05).4.The results of multifactorial logistic regression showed that age(Compared to 60-74 year olds,ages 75 to 89 OR=1.805,95% CI=1.118-2.915,P < 0.05),occupation(Compared to workers,institutional employees OR=0.402,95% CI=0.231-0.700,P < 0.05),dietary habits(Compared to a vegetarian-based diet,a balanced diet of meat and vegetables OR=0.554,95% CI=0.337-0.910,P < 0.05),hearing(compared to hearing normal,hearing loss OR=1.685,95% CI=1.083-2.623,P < 0.05),nutritional status(OR=0.770,95% CI=0.684-0.867,P < 0.05)were independent influences on the occurrence of cognitive frailty.5.Subgroup analysis: The results showed that among the elderly under the age of 75,the occupation(Compared to workers,farmer OR=0.301,95% CI=0.133-0.681,P < 0.05,institutional employees OR=0.116,95% CI=0.039-0.348,P < 0.05),exercise(compared to no exercise,physical exercise at least once a week OR=0.445,95% CI=0.229-0.863,P < 0.05),and nutrition(OR=0.758,95% CI=0.632-0.909,P < 0.05)were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of cognitive frailty(P < 0.05);among the elderly aged 75 and above,different dietary habits(compared to a vegetarian-based diet,Meat and vegetable balance OR=0.417,95% CI=0.211-0.825,P < 0.05),hearing situation(compared to Hearing normal,Hearing loss OR=1.905,95%CI=1.016-3.569,P < 0.05),and nutrition(OR=0.771,95% CI=0.660-0.902,P < 0.05)were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of cognitive frailty(P < 0.05).Conclusion:The percentage of older adults with cognitive frailty was 11.4% of the 866 cases.Cognitive frailty in older adults is influenced by a variety of factors,older age,hearing lossincrease the risk of cognitive frailty in older adults,institutional employees(Compared to workers),a balanced diet of meat and vegetables(Compared to vegetarian lover),high nutrition scores are protective factors for cognitive frailty in older adults.Among the elderly under 75 years of age,institutional employees and farmers(Compared to workers),physical exercise at least once a week,high nutrition scores are the protective factors for cognitive frailty.Hearing loss increase the risk of cognitive frailty and a balanced diet of meat and vegetables(Compared to vegetarian lover),high nutrition scores are protective factors for cognitive frailty in the elderly aged 75 and above.Clinical workers should focus on cognitive frailty in the elderly and provide scientific and effective interventions to help prevent and delay the occurrence of cognitive frailty in conjunction with the specific conditions of the elderly. |
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