| ObjectivesThe anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramina and lingual canal in the mandibular anterior region of the Chinese population were observed by cone-beam computed tomography,and provide data reference for clinical implant surgery.Materials and MethodsAbout 200 images that meet the inclusion criteria were selected.Foramina were located according to the alveolar bone and were grouped into the upper third and lower two-thirds.Linear measurements included the horizontal and vertical diameters,the distance from the lingual foramina to the top of the alveolar crest,the lower border of the mandible,and the bone wall on the side of the lips and lingual;the length of the lingual canal;the angle between the lingual canal and the Frankfurt plane;the effect of lingual foramina on implant size;comparison of lingual canal values located above and below the genital tubercle;and classification of the midline lingual canal.Result:1.Incidence of lingual canal:Lingual foramina located in the midline and near the alveolar crest region were more common;2.The geometric parameter relationship between L1,L2,L4,and a can be deduced from a simplified formula arctan α=|L2-L1|/L43.Relationship between L1,L2,L3 and angle α and the effect on implant length3.1 When L1≧12mm,conventional implantation can be performed;3.2 when L1 is<12mm,the value of L2 needs to be measured.When L2>12mm,the average angle α is 19.38°.The implant can be implanted slightly towards the tongue side,but the tilt angle should be<70.62°;3.3 When the values of L1 and L2 are both<12mm,measure the value of L3.When L3>7.5mm,the average angle α is 28.55°,and the implant can be placed in this area,but the inclination angle should be less than 61.45°.4.Classification of median lingual canal:It is divided into fifteen categories,and the frequency of occurrence from high to low is the third,first,tenth,second,fourth,fifth and eighth,twelve,six and eleven,seven and thirteen and fourteen and fifteenth categories are the least.5.Most measurements of the tongue foramina located above the genital tubercle were greater than those below the genital tubercle.6.Most of the lingual canal in the anterior tooth area anastomose with the incisor tubes.ConclusionLingual canal appeared frequently in the anterior dental area of mandible and varied widely.The diameter of lingual canal was relatively large in middle-aged and elderly males.Therefore,a detailed surgical plan should be formulated before oral surgery to improve the success rate of oral surgery,so as to avoid serious complications. |
