| ObjectivePapillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)is a kind of thyroid malignant tumor with no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage,slow growth and good prognosis.Although papillary thyroid carcinoma has a lower degree of malignancy compared with other pathological types of thyroid cancer,it may still metastasize to cervical lymph nodes earlier,so early diagnosis is of great significance.Gab1 and SHP2 are widely involved in the transduction of a variety of signaling pathways.Currently,studies have shown that the expression of these two genes is abnormal in a variety of tumors,indicating that these two genes may be closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.The roles of Gab1 and SHP2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma have not yet been clearly defined.In this paper,the expression of Gab1 and SHP2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma and their correlation with clinical characteristics were studied,in order to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of thyroid papillary carcinoma.MethodsIn this study,patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University for thyroid surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer from April 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects.The inclusion criteria were that the patients had not received radiotherapy,chemotherapy and endocrine therapy before surgery and had no other underlying diseases,and fresh tissue samples of the cancer and adjacent cancer were collected from the patients.The clinical data such as age,gender,tumor size,tumor stage(TNM staging),and lymph node metastasis of all patients were counted.The expressions of Gab1 and SHP2 in 20 pairs of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and Western-blot.The paraffin sections of 50 pairs of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were stained by immunohistochemical staining to detect the expressions of Gab1 and SHP2,and to explore their correlation with clinical features.The expression correlation of Gab1 and SHP2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients was investigated by Spearman correlation analysis.Results1.RT-qPCR results: The expressions of Gab1 and SHP2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues,and the difference was statistically significant(t = 4.831,10.064 P<0.05).2.Western-blot results: The relative expression levels of Gab1 and SHP2 proteins in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.Immunohistochemical staining results: Gab1 and SHP2 were expressed in both the PTC group and the para-cancer group,and the expression of Gab1 and SHP2 in the PTC group(68.0% and 64.0%)was higher than that in the para-cancer group(36.0% and 40%),the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =10.256,5.769,P < 0.05).In the correlation analysis with clinical characteristics,whether there is lymph node metastasis: the positive expression rates of Gab1 were 83.33% and 53.84%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that χ2=4.987,P=0.02<0.05,and the positive expression rates of SHP2 were83.33%,46.15%,statistical analysis showed: χ2=7.488,P=0.006<0.05.In tumor staging,the positive expression rates of Gab1 in earlier stages(I,II)and later stages(III,IV)were58.82% and 87.50%.Statistical analysis showed: χ2=4.112,P=0.043<0.05.The positive expression rates of SHP2 were 50.00% and 93.75%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that: χ2=9.039,P=0.003<0.05.In the tumor size,the diameter of ≤1.0cm and the diameter of >1.0cm,the positive expression rate of Gab1 was 51.72% and 90.48%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that: χ2=8.406,P=0.004<0.05,and the positive expression rate of SHP2 was 48.28% and 85.71%,statistical analysis showed: χ2=7.410,P=0.006<0.05.Gab1 and SHP2 were not related to patient’s age and gender(P>0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expressions of Gab1 and SHP2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly positively correlated(r=0.468,P=0.001).Conclusion1.At the mRNA and protein levels,the expressions of Gab1 and SHP2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues,suggesting that these two genes play a role in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma as oncogenes.2.The expression of Gab1 and SHP2 is increased in patients with lymph node metastasis,large tumor diameter and later tumor stage,suggesting that Gab1 and SHP2 are involved in promoting the development and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and the up-regulation of these two genes predicts higher malignancy degree.3.Gab1 and SHP2 are correlated and significantly positively correlated in thyroid papillary carcinoma,suggesting that there may be a synergistic relationship between the two in the occurrence and development of thyroid papillary carcinoma,the mechanism of which needs to be further confirmed. |
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