Chemical Constituents With Lipid-lowering Activity Of Chloranthus Japonicus And Hypericum Japonicum

Hyperlipidemia is a disease that plasma lipid levels are above normal due to abnormalities in lipid metabolism or transport,it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stenocardia and coronary heart disease.Up to now,statins are still the first choice for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.However,statins have many limitations in clinical application,such as leading to rhabdomyolysis,abnormal blood glucose level,acute renal failure and so on.Considering the large number of patients with hyperlipidemia around the world and the limitations of statins,it is urgent to develop more safe and effective lipid-lowering drugs.Traditional Chinese medicines have unique advantages in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases,and many of them have been reported to have lipid-lowering activities.In order to discover lipid-lowering active components,one hundred and two compounds,including eighteen new compounds,were isolated and identified from Chloranthus japonicus and Hypericum japonicum,most of the isolated and identified compounds were tested for their lipid-lowering activities.C.japonicus is a plant in the genus Chloranthus from the family Chloranthaceae,forty-one compounds including twenty-nine lindenane type sesquiterpene dimers(Cj A1-Cj A29),three lindenane type sesquiterpene trimers(Cj A30-Cj A32)and nine other types compounds(Cj A33-Cj A41)were isolated and identified from the 95%ethanol extract of C.japonicus by using various column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques.Eight new compounds were identified,including seven lindenane type sesquiterpene dimers(Cj A1-Cj A7)and one rosmarinic acid linked sesquiterpene compound(Cj A40).H.japonicum is a plant in the genus Hypericum from the family Guttiferae,sixty-one compounds including twenty-five phloroglucinol derivatives(Hj A1-Hj A21,Hj B1-Hj B4),fourteen xanthones and flavonoids(Hj A22-Hj A30,Hj B5-Hj B9),ten sesquiterpenes(Hj A31-Hj A36,Hj B10-Hj B13),six lignans(Hj B14-Hj B19)and six other types compounds(Hj A37-Hj A38,Hj B20-Hj B23)were isolated and identified from the 95% ethanol extract of H.japonicum by using various column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques.Ten new compounds were identified,including seven phloroglucinol derivatives(Hj A1-Hj A6,Hj B1),two xanthones(Hj A22-Hj A23)and one sesquiterpene(Hj B10).Most of the isolated and identified compounds were tested for their lipid-lowering activity in vitro by Di I-LDL uptake assay.The results exhibited that lindenane type sesquiterpene dimers of C.japonicus exhibited significant LDL-Uptake activity,sarcandrolide B(Cj A18),shizukaol D(Cj A24)and shizukaol N(Cj A25)showed activity comparable to that of the positive control.The xanthones and flavonoids of H.japonicum exhibited significant LDL-Uptake activity,the activity of quercetin 7-O-rhamnoside(Hj B5),quercitrin(Hj B6)was better than the positive control.