Quality Evaluation Of Notoginseng Radix ET Rhizoma Before And After Steaming And Study On Chemical Composition Of Steamed Notoginseng Radix ET Rhizoma Polysaccharides

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng（Burk.）F.H.Chen,a perennial herb of the genus Ginseng in the family Wujia.Raw Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma mainly activates blood stasis,stops bleeding and relieves pain,and after steaming,it enhances the effect of tonifying blood and benefiting qi.At present,most research on Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma is focused on raw Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,and less research is done on steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,mostly focusing on saponin components and pharmacological effects.In this paper,a mathematical model was established to evaluate the quality of raw Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma from different origins,and to extract,separate and purify the polysaccharide components of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma after steaming and to conduct preliminary chemical studies,so as to provide reference for the selection of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma origins,quality assessment and research on polysaccharide components.The studies were as follows.1.Study on the quality of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steamingUsing the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a reference,the seven indexes of moisture,alcoholic extract,saponin content,polysaccharide yield,sugar content,glyoxylate content,and protein content were selected to examine Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steaming,combined with thin-layer chromatography to identify saponin components.The alcoholic extract content,crude polysaccharide yield,sugar content,glyoxylate content increased,protein content,and saponin content decreased after the steaming of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.The entropy-gray correlation method-TOPSIS method model was constructed for the preliminary assessment of the quality of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma from different origins,and the results showed that the poor quality of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma produced in Wenshan,a Daodi production area,in this assessment of Chinese herbal medicines may be related to the high market demand for Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,the successive expansion of cultivation and the shortening of crop rotation interval.2.Establishment of HPLC and IR fingerprints of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steamingThe HPLC and infrared fingerprint profiles of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steaming were established,and the similarity analysis showed that the similarity between different origins of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was high,indicating that the chemical composition species of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma from different origins were the similar,the peaks of HPLC fingerprints increased,which proved that there were new components,produced by heat degradation of saponin-like components.The intensity of the absorption peaks of the IR fingerprints changed,and it was assumed that some of the chemical components were degraded and the functional groups changed after steaming.Using SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS 21.0 software and chemometric analysis methods such as clustering,principal components,and orthogonal partial least squares,we were able to distinguish the raw steamed species of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and successfully differentiate the origins to some extent,contributing to the origin tracing and species identification of Chinese herbal medicines.3.Extraction,isolation and purification of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma polysaccharidesThe polysaccharides of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and purified by column chromatography,and chemically analyzed by liquid phase system,ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.Nine homogeneous polysaccharides,named as s-PNP-1～s-PNP-9,were obtained from the crude polysaccharides of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.The results showed that the nine homogeneous polysaccharides did not contain nucleic acid and protein,and the infrared spectra showed absorption peaks at 3400 cm^-1,2920 cm^-1,1620 cm^-1,1420 cm^-1,1160 cm^-1,indicating that they were polysaccharides.s-PNP-1 molecular weight is 3.43?10⁴Da,s-PNP-2 molecular weight is 2.56?10⁵Da,s-PNP-3 molecular weight is 2.71?10⁵Da,s-PNP-4 molecular weight is 2.20?10⁵Da,s-PNP-5 molecular weight is 3.24?10⁵Da,s-PNP-6 molecular weight is 2.80?10⁵Da,s-PNP-7 molecular weight is 3.05?10⁵Da,s-PNP-8 molecular weight is 2.97?10⁵Da,s-PNP-9 molecular weight is 2.38?10⁵Da.s-PNP-1～s-PNP-2,s-PNP-9 consist of 8 monosaccharides,including Man,Rib,Rha,Gal,Glc,Ara,Glc UA,Gal UA;s-PNP-3,s-PNP-4,s-PNP-6 do not contain Rib;s-PNP-5 does not contain Rib,Rha,Glc UA,Gal UA;s-PNP-7 does not contain Man,Rha,Glc UA,Gal UA;s-PNP-8 does not contain Man,Rib,Rha,Glc UA,Gal UA.