| The authentic medicinal material Kadsurae Caulis(Dianjixueteng)is the dried stems of the Kadsura interior,which belongs to genus Kadsura in the Schisandraceae family.It has the effects of invigorating blood and regulating the pain of menstruation.It is an authentic medicinal material in Yunnan Province.The phylogenetic study of family Schizandraceae showed that K.interior is most closely related to several species such as K.heteroclita,K.longipedunculata,K.japonica,and K.oblongifolia.K.interior and its four closely related species are all used for medicinal purposes in folk,but their effects are different.In terms of the morphological characteristics,K.interior is very similar to K.heteroclita.According to their morphological characteristics,plant taxonomists such as Lin Qi have classified K.interior as K.heteroclita.In order to clarify the differences between K.interior and its related species,we firstly used plant metabolomics to analyze the differences in the chemical constituents of K.interior and its related species.Secondly,we compared the differences in the blood tonic and analgesic effects of K.interior and its related species based on the pharmacological studies.Finally,the chemical fingerprint and pharmacological indicators were combined to conduct the study of spectrum-effect relationship,the potential blood-tonic and pain-relieving substances of the K.interior were explored.The specific results are as follows:1.A traditional pharmacological investigation of K.interior and its related species was carried out.The traditional applications of K.interior and its related species have been sorted out through searching and consulting the herbal classics and local Chinese herbal medicine records,and the traditional effects of K.interior and its related species have been found to be different,which can provide reference for follow-up pharmacological research.Field investigations revealed that K.interior and its related species are all medicinal plants from wild sources,and the number of wild resources is small.It is urgent to carry out artificial cultivation research to protect the wild resources of K.interior and its related species.2.The plant metabolomics study based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS technology was conducted on K.interior and its related species.Based on the compounds isolated from K.interior and K.heteroclita and purchased reference materials,a comprehensive identification and inference in K.interior and its related species were carried out based on the components isolated from K.interior and K.heteroclita,purchased standards,self-built compound libraries and public compound libraries.Among them,20 compounds were identified,106 compounds were inferred.Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the metabonomic data of the samples(69 batches)of K.interior and its relative species obtained by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS.First,the interspecies grouping was obtained by principal component analysis,and further orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was carried out,and the compounds identified and inferred were combined to screened out five differential metabolites that could be used as chemical markers to distinguish K.from its related species(Heteroclitin E、Heteroclitin G、Angeloylgomisin R、Interiorin D、Heteroclitin D).3.The results of studies on the blood-tonic activity of K.interior and its related species showed that K.interior,K.heteroclita and K.oblongifolia alcohol extracts can significantly increase the levels of HCT,RBC,HGB and other indicators in the peripheral blood of mice with blood deficiency.The two doses of K.interior alcohol extract 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg can significantly increase the content of IL-3,GMCSF,and M-CSF,and its effect on blood deficiency mice is better than that of other related species alcohol at the same dose(p<0.01).The efficacy of K.interior was better at close to the clinical dose(200 mg/kg).The results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the blood tonic effect of K.interior,it is recommended that care be taken to avoid the mixing of closely related species.4.The results of the analgesic activity of K.interior and its closely related species showed that both the alcoholic extracts of K.interior and its closely related species significantly reduced the numbers of twisting in mice(p<0.05)and improved the analgesic-related indexes(NO,MDA,SOD,β-EP)in the serum of dysmenorrhea mice,with K.oblongifolia showing the best analgesic efficacy(p<0.001),the closely related species of K.interior with traditional efficacy of dispelling wind and relieving pain can also be used for relieving menstrual pain.5.The potential active compounds of the tonic and analgesic medicinal effects of K.interior were explored based on the spectrum-effect relationship analysis.Based on the results of linear correlation analysis(BCA,Bivariate correlation analysis)and regression analysis(OPLSR:orthogonal partial least-squares regression analysis),it was found that Heteroclitin G,Heteroclitin D,Interiorin C were strongly correlated with the tonic activity of K.interior,and can be used as potential tonic bioactivity markers of K.interior.Heteroclitin G,Heteroclitin D,Interiorin C were strongly related with the analgesic activity of K.interior and could be used as potential analgesic bioactive markers of K.interior.Further pharmacological validation of the potential bioactivity markers is still needed.To sum up,this study investigated the differences of K.interior and its related species in terms of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,elaborated the classification of K.interior and K.heteroclita,and the spectrum-effect relationship was used to explore the bioactive markers of the blood tonic and analgesic efficacy of K.interior.This study has laid a research foundation for the quality evaluation of the medicinal herbs and the pharmacological efficacy of the potential active compounds in Kadsurae Caulis. |
PDF Full Text Request