Evaluation On Efficacy Of Sodium Isochlorogenate In Weaned Piglets

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel sodium isochlorogenate product in weaned piglets.This study investigated the effects of different doses of sodium isochlorogenate on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,antioxidant,immune function and intestinal health of weaned piglets,and preliminarily discuss the effective dosage of sodium isochlorogenate in weaned piglets,so as to provide a scientific basis for rational use and promotion in animal production.A total of 180 weaned pigs with an average initial body weight(BW)of 6.77 ± 0.18 kg were randomly allotted to 5 groups,6 replicates(pens)per treatment,and 6 pigs per pen.These pigs in different treatments received diets supplemented with 0,100,200,400,and800 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate for 28 d.Samples were taken on the 14 th and 28 th days of the experiment.The results were as follows:(1)Dietary 200 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation increased the average daily gain of weaned piglets on d 15-28(P < 0.05).Dietary 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly improved the digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,gross energy,ether extract,and ash of piglets(P < 0.01).Adding sodium isochlorogenate to the diet had no significant effect on the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of weaned piglets(P > 0.05).However,there was a linear negative correlation between the diarrhea rate of piglets and the added dose of sodium isochlorogenate on d 1-14 of the experiment(P < 0.05,linear).(2)Dietary 400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly increased the serum CAT activity of weaned piglets on d 14 and 28(P < 0.05).Dietary 200mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly increased T-AOC in the serum of weaned piglets on d 28(P < 0.05),and the fitting degree of the quadratic regression model was significant(P < 0.05,quadratic).(3)Compared with the CON group,dietary 200 mg/kg,400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly increased the contents of Ig A and Ig M in the serum of weaned piglets on d 14(P < 0.01),and showed a significant quadratic regression relationship with the added dose of sodium isochlorogenate(P < 0.01,quadratic),and reached the maximum when the dosage reached 400 mg/kg.Adding 800mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate to the diet significantly increased the serum Ig M content of piglets on d 28(P < 0.01).Adding sodium isochlorogenate to the diet had no significant effect on the contents of s Ig A,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and IFN-γ in the ileal and jejunal mucosa of weaned piglets(P > 0.05).(4)Dietary sodium isochlorogenate supplementation had no significant effect on villus height,crypt depth,and villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C)in the duodenum,jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets(P > 0.05).Dietary sodium isochlorogenate supplementation had no significant effect on the p H of the jejunum,ileum,cecum and colon contents of weaned piglets(P > 0.05).Dietary sodium isochlorogenate supplementation had no significant effect on the serum DAO of weaned piglets(P >0.05).Adding sodium isochlorogenate to the diet had no significant effect on the expression of OCLN,CLDN1,CLDN2 and ZO-1 genes in the jejunal and ileal mucosa of piglets(P >0.05).(5)Effects of dietary sodium isochlorogenate supplementation on intestinal microbiota of piglets.The results showed that adding different levels of sodium isochlorogenate to the diet had no significant effect on the diversity and richness of microbes in the ileum,cecum and colon of weaned piglets(P > 0.05).By comparing the changes in the bacterial community structure at the phylum and genus levels,we obtained the following results:a)Analysis at the phylum level found that dietary 400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly(P < 0.01)decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the ileum of weaned piglets compared with the CON group.Dietary400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly(P < 0.05)increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in piglet colon,while Proteobacteria(P < 0.01),Actinobacteriota(P < 0.05),Acidobacteriota(P < 0.05),Gemmatimonadota(P < 0.01)and Verrucomicrobiota(P < 0.05)were significantly reduced.b)Analysis at the genus level found that dietary 400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly reduced the relative abundance of Cutibacterium(P < 0.01),Pseudomonas(P < 0.05),Staphylococcus(P < 0.01),Vibrio(P < 0.05),Acinetobacter(P <0.05),Corynebacterium(P < 0.01),Lawsonella(P < 0.01),Mycobacterium(P < 0.01)in the ileum of weaned piglets compared with CON group.Dietary 400 mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation significantly reduced Terrissobacter(P < 0.05),Romboutsia(P < 0.05),Ruegeria(P < 0.05),Turicibacter(P < 0.05),Cutibacterium(P <0.05)and Staphylococcus(P < 0.05)in piglet colon,while Megasphaera(P < 0.01),Catenibacterium(P < 0.05),Prevoellaceae＿UCG-003(P < 0.05)were significantly increased.Adding sodium isochlorogenate to the diet can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract and reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria,thereby improving the intestinal microflora of piglets.The above results show that: under the conditions of this experiment,dietary 200mg/kg sodium isochlorogenate supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of weaned piglets during the whole test period,but it could reduce diarrhea to a certain extent.Adding sodium isochlorogenate to the diet could effectively improve nutrient digestibility,increase the antioxidant level and immunity of piglets,and improve the structure of intestinal microflora.The appropriate dosage of sodium isochlorogenate in piglet diet is 200～400 mg/kg.