| Superficial pyoderma is a common clinical disease in dogs and cats,with clinical characteristics such as long course and easy recurrence,which troubles sick dogs and pet families.Staphylococcus is a common pathogen of superficial pyoderma.In recent years,there have been reports of isolated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in animal hospitals,and related public health issues have gradually become the focus of attention.By collecting cases of superficial pyoderma in dogs and cats,analyzed the epidemic characteristics and incidence patterns of Staphylococcus aureus infectious skin diseases in some areas of Wuhan City,and used whole genome sequencing technology to explore the molecular epidemic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in pathogenic bacteria.From the individual level of dogs and cats and the whole genome level of Staphylococcus,the epidemic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were explored,in order to find effective methods for pet owners to prevent this disease,and provide targeted opinions and suggestions for the rational use of antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice.1.Retrospective analysis of superficial pyoderma in dogs and catsFrom February 2022 to November 2022,127 cases of superficial pyoderma in dogs and cats were collected from three animal hospitals in Wuhan,including 90 cases in dogs and 37 cases in cats.In terms of clinical symptoms,hair loss(91 cases),erythema(52cases),scabbing(51 cases),and itching(43 cases)are the most common,with the trunk(73 cases)and head and face(33 cases)being the most common areas.In the risk factor analysis,the incidence rate of cats was related to the breed(p < 0.05)and the frequency of bathing(p < 0.05).The incidence rate of rural cats(95 % CI= 0.121-0.783,OR< 1)was lower than that of other breeds of cats;The incidence rate of dogs was significantly related to sterilization(p < 0.001),source of pets(p < 0.001),frequency of going out(p <0.001)and bathing frequency(p < 0.001).Among them,sterilization(95 %CI=0.187-0.486,OR= 0.302),frequency of going out once a day(95 % CI= 0.367-0.738,OR< 1),once every 2-3 days(95 % CI= 0.017-0.269,OR< 1),Bathing once a month(95% CI= 0.363-0.686,OR< 1)can effectively reduce the incidence rate of superficial pyoderma in dogs.The incidence rate of superficial pyoderma in dogs bred at home(95%CI= 3.805-27.489,OR> 1)is extremely high.2.Isolation and identification results of StaphylococcusA total of 171 samples were collected from 3 animal hospitals,5 pet shops,and 2stray animal bases in Wuhan.Among them,99 samples were from dogs,38 samples were from cats,and 33 samples were from humans.Fifteen species and 191 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated.81 strains(42.41 %)of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were isolated from canine samples;29 strains(15.18 %)of Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from human samples;18 strains(9.42 %)of Staphylococcus felis were isolated from feline samples.47 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(24.61 %)were amplified by PCR,including 18 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(9.42 %),17 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis(8.90 %),2 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(1.05 %),and 10 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(5.24 %).3.Epidemic characteristics analysis of methicillin-resistant StaphylococcusA total of 42 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were subjected to whole genome sequencing(16 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis,16 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius,2 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,and 8 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase negative).The results of multisite sequence typing showed that there were 11 sequence types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis,including three strains of ST 20,two strains of ST 59,ST 130,and ST 819,and one strain of ST 2,ST 17,ST 35,ST 57,ST 235,ST 325,and ST 728;There are 10 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius with 7 STs,and 6 new STs have been detected and assigned as ST 2629-2634.According to the prediction of virulence and resistance genes,each strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus carries an average of 203 virulence genes and 130 resistance genes.The canine isolate 7D3 carries the highest number of virulence genes and 150 resistance genes.In the prediction of virulence genes,most virulence genes mediate iron uptake,toxin,adhesin,and anti-phagocytosis;In the prediction of drug resistance genes,the genes that mediate resistance to macrolides,tetracyclines,and fluoroquinolones are the most common,with100% carrying glycopeptide resistance genes and 9.52 %(4/42)carrying penicillene resistance genes.In summary,by investigating the characteristics and related factors of superficial pyoderma in dogs and cats in some areas of Wuhan City,and provided targeted prevention suggestions for pet families;At the same time,by analyzing the epidemic characteristics of Staphylococcus,the cloning,virulence,and resistance characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were revealed,providing new insights for the rational use of antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice,and providing data support for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus infection and the epidemic monitoring of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. |
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