Effects Of Rapeseed Cake Fertilizer Application Rate On The Yield And Quality Of Cigar Tobacco Leaves

Cigar is a special type of tobacco product,and with the continuous expansion of domestic consumer groups,cigar smoke has gradually become an important component of the tobacco industry.However,due to the late start of related research,the production of domestic cigar tobacco leaves is currently low and the quality is poor.The high-quality cigar wrapper and filler materials required for producing high-end cigars need to be imported in large quantities from abroad.Fertilization,especially the application of organic fertilizers,is an important measure to improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.Organic fertilizer has the characteristics of high organic matter content,comprehensive nutrients,and slow fertilizer efficiency.After being applied to the soil,it can fertilize and improve the soil,promote crop growth and development,and thereby improve crop yield and quality.Previous studies have shown that applying organic fertilizers in tobacco fields can ensure nutrient supply throughout the entire growth period of tobacco,promote normal yellowing and maturation of tobacco leaves,increase yield and output value,coordinate chemical composition,and improve appearance and sensory evaluation quality.The current production process of cigar tobacco leaves in China is not yet complete,and various technologies are still in the exploratory stage.It is of great significance to clarify the appropriate application rate of organic fertilizer for high-quality and high-yield cigar tobacco leaves.This article uses the cigar wrapper variety Chuxue26(CX-26)and cigar filler variety Chuxue 14(CX-14)as materials to study the effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer application rate on the yield and quality of CX-26 and CX-14through field experiments,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer in cigar tobacco leaves.The main results are as follows:(1)Moderate application of rapeseed cake fertilizer can significantly improve the nutrient accumulation,yield,output value,and appearance quality of CX-26 tobacco leaves.As the application rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer increased,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the aboveground gradually increased.Compared with the treatment without applying cake fertilizer(CK),the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in each cake fertilizer treatment increased by 20.2%～59.6%,19.1%～56.4%,and 21.3%～53.2%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of tobacco increased by 177.3～469.3 kg/hm~2 with different rapeseed cake fertilizer application rate,with an increase of 10.3%～27.3%;There is a linear plus platform relationship between the yield and the application rate of cake fertilizer,with a platform yield of 2176 kg/hm~2.The results of tobacco grading showed that compared with CK treatment,the yield and output rate of cigar wrapper tobacco under different rapeseed cake fertilizer treatments increased by 71.2～238.8 kg/hm~2 and 2.8%～9.0%,respectively;The net output value increased by 2.71～6.87 ten thousands yuan/hm~2,with an increase of19.7%～49.8%;The average price increased by 7.15～16.50 yuan/kg,with an increase of8.7%～20.0%.The evaluation results of tobacco appearance showed that compared with CK treatment,the oil content score of tobacco leaves increased by 0.5～2.0 points and the comprehensive score increased by 4.0～8.5 points in different rapeseed cake fertilizer treatments.(2)Moderate application of rapeseed cake fertilizer can significantly improve the nutrient accumulation,yield,output value,and sensory quality of CX-14 tobacco leaves,and coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves.As the application rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer increased,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the aboveground gradually increased.Compared with CK treatment,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in different cake fertilizer treatments increased by 23.3%～61.0%,21.5%～55.9%,and 23.8%～71.6%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of tobacco increased by 240.0～435.3 kg/hm~2with different application rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer,with an increase of16.1%～29.2%;There is a linear plus platform relationship between the yield and the application rate of cake fertilizer,with a platform yield of 1923 kg/hm~2.The tobacco grading results showed that compared with CK treatment,the yield of cigar wrapper,binder,and filler tobacco increased by 27.0～67.2 kg/hm~2,135.7～283.7 kg/hm~2,and77.4～131.0 kg/hm~2,respectively,with an increase of 17.3%～43.1%,25.2%～52.8%,and9.7%～16.4%for different rapeseed cake fertilizer treatments;The net output value increased by 2.07～3.94 ten thousands yuan/hm~2,with an increase of 18.5%～35.2%.The results of tobacco quality showed that applying rapeseed cake fertilizer can coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves and improve their sensory quality.Compared with CK treatment,the total nitrogen content,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,and the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of tobacco leaves increased by 5.0%～19.1%,14.0%～31.6%,and 8.5%～22.0%,respectively,with different rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer;The nicotine content decreased by 7.9%～9.8%;The sensory score of tobacco leaves increased by 4.5～12.0 points.In summary,the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer significantly affects the yield and quality of CX-26 and CX-14 tobacco leaves.Based on indicators such as output value,cigar wrapper yield,average price,and appearance,the suitable application rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer for the cigar wrapper variety CX-26 under experimental conditions was determined to be 1950～2350 kg/hm~2;Based on indicators such as output value,yield,nitrogen to nicotine ratio,and sensory properties,the suitable application rate of rapeseed cake fertilizer for the cigar filler variety CX-14 under experimental conditions was determined to be 2200～2550 kg/hm~2.