| The digestive tract mucosa is often exposed to various pathogens,serving as a barrier against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi,bacteria,and viruses,and as the first line of defense for the body against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms.Therefore,the study of the mucosal immune system is very important.Immunoglobulin(Immunoglobulin,Ig)is a special protein produced by specific plasma cells in the body under antigen stimulation,which can combine with antigen to induce the occurrence of humoral rabbit plague,namely antibody(antibody,Ab).Currently,there have been reports of studies on immunoglobulin secreting cells in the digestive tract mucosa of various animals,but as an important economic animal in the semi desert and desert regions of northwest China,there are almost no relevant reports on bactrian camels.As a ruminant,bactrian camels have only three gastric chambers,and unlike the anterior stomachs of ruminants such as cattle and sheep,there are glands in the first two gastric chambers of bactrian camels.Therefore,in order to systematically study the distribution and age-related changes of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)and IgA and IgG secreting cells in the glandular stomach of bactrian camels,this study took Alashan bactrian camels as the research object and divided them into four groups,namely,the juvenile group(1～2years old),the young group(3～5 years old),the adult group(6～16 years old),and the old group(17～20 years old).Anatomical,immunohistochemical,image analysis,and statistical methods were used to observe and analyze the anterior stomach of different age bactrian camels.The experimental results showed that there were a large number of MAL in the glandular capsule of bactrian camels of all ages,mainly distributed in the lamina propria,with diffuse lymphoid tissue and isolated lymph nodes.There was no significant difference in the distribution and type of MALT among the three glandular capsule.As the age of bactrian camels increases,the germinal center of isolated lymph nodes gradually becomes apparent and their volume gradually increases.However,in old age,the boundaries of some isolated lymph nodes are blurred,and no aggregated lymph nodes are found.IgA secreting cells and IgG secreting cells are both distributed in the glandular capsule of bactrian camels at different ages,mainly between the lamina propria and the glands.There is no difference in the distribution of IgA secreting cells in different glandular capsule.As age increases,both of them show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The distribution density of the young and middle-aged group is greater than that of the young and elderly groups.There was no significant difference in the distribution density of IgA secreting cells and IgG secreting cells in different glandular capsule of bactrian camels of the same age.Overall,the number of IgA secreting cells was higher than the number of IgG secreting cells.In summary,the anterior stomach of bactrian camels is distributed with a large amount of diffuse lymphoid tissue and a small amount of isolated lymphoid nodules,as well as abundant IgA secreting cells and IgA secreting cells,indicating that the anterior stomach of bactrian camels not only has the same digestive,storage,and stirring functions as those of common ruminant animals such as cattle and sheep,but also is an immune organ that plays an important role in the immune response of bactrian camels.From the age-dependent changes in MALT and target cells,it can be concluded that young and adult bactrian camels have stronger immunity,stronger resistance to external pathogenic microorganisms,and are more able to adapt to harsh living environments than the juvenile and young groups.This provides basic data for the study of gastric mucosal immunity in bactrian camels,provides a basis for further revealing the mucosal immune mechanism,and provides comparative data for the study of other ruminants. |
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