| Angelica as a medicinal herb of the same origin of medicine and food,the market demand is very large,and for the harvested angelica stems and leafs(ASL),often discarded,resulting in a certain degree of waste of resources.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different drying processes on the sensory quality and effective active ingredients of angelica stems and leaves,and to use angelica stems and leaves as feed additives in broiler diets according to actual production needs,and to provide a theory for evaluating the feed utilization of angelica stems and leafs powder by evaluating its effects on broiler production performance,slaughtering performance,immune performance,antioxidant capacity,and gut barrier function.The trial used a single factor complete randomized design,and 432 1-day-old Cobb 505 whitefeathered broilers(male and female)of similar weight,healthy and disease-free were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups(6 replicates in each group,12 chickens in each replicate).The control group(group I)was fed corn-soybean meal-miscellaneous meal-type diet,and the remaining five treatment group II～VI were fed with 1.0%,1.5%,2.0%,2.5% and 3.0% angelica stems and leafs powder feeds added to the basic diet.The trial period was 42 d,which was divided into two phases: early(1-21 d)and late(22-42 d).The results of the study showed that:(1)Through the determination of the moisture content of the sample,the evaluation of sensory quality,and the analysis of the active components of the sample by high performance liquid chromatography,it is found that the combined drying time of the microwave hot air not only shortens the drying time of the sample,but also retains the original color and odor of the sample to the greatest extent.In terms of the retention of the active ingredients of the sample,the chlorogenic acid content of the low hot air treatment group at 65°C was higher than that of the other groups.The contents of rutin and hypericin in the air dry naturally treatment group were higher than those in other groups.The content of ferulic acid treated at 65°C with medium and micro hot air was the highest.(2)By measuring the growth performance,slaughtering performance and blood biochemical indexes of broilers,the effects of angelica stems and leafs powder on the growth and metabolism of broilers were discussed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the addition of 3% angelica stems and leafs powder to broiler feed significantly increased the feed intake and body gain(P<0.05)in the late(22-42d)and full(1-42 d)stages(1-42 d)of broiler feed,and effectively improved the slaughtering performance of broiler,increased the semi-clean bore rate,total purification rate,pectoral muscle rate and leg muscle rate of broilers,and significantly reduced the abdominal fat rate(P<0.05).The addition of 3% angelica stems and leafs powder to the diet significantly reduced the content of total cholesterol,triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein in the serum of broilers(P<0.05),accelerated the body’s blood lipid metabolism,and reduced the blood glucose content in serum(P<0.05)by reducing the gluconeogenesis pathway in the body.In addition,the normal liver function of the body is also guaranteed.(3)The effects of angelica stems and leafs powder on immune performance and antioxidant resistance of broilers were investigated by measuring the immune organ index,serum immunoglobulin and antioxidant indexes of broilers.The results showed that compared with the control group,the addition of 3% angelica stems and leafs powder to the diet had no significant effect on the immune organ index of broilers(P>0.05),but significantly increased the levels of immunoglobulin A and interleukin2 in the later stage(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the content of interleukin4 and tumor necrosis factor in serum.In addition,the addition of 3% angelica stems and leafs powder to the diet significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase content in the serum of broilers(P<0.05).Through the determination of mechanical barrier,chemical barrier,immune barrier and biological barrier of broiler,the effect of angelica stems and leafs powder on the intestinal function of broilers was discussed.Microscopic examination of the small intestine of broiler showed that compared with the control group,the addition of high dose(3%)of angelica stems and leafs powder to broiler diet significantly increased the intestinal villi height and chorion-recess ratio of the duodenum,jejunum and back of broilers,reduced the crypt depth(P<0.05),and significantly increased the expression of genes related to the intestinal mechanical barrier(ZO-1,Claudin-2)in the jejunum(P<0.05).In terms of chemical barrier,high doses(3%)of angelica stems and leafs powder significantly increased the contents of antimicrobial peptides,lysozyme and mucin 2 in the jejunum of broilers(P<0.05).In terms of immune barrier,high doses(3%)of angelica stems and leafs powder significantly increased the contents of jejunal endocrine immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in broilers(P<0.05).In addition,the results of 16 Sr DNA sequencing found that compared with the control group,a high dose(3%)of angelica stems and leafs powder diet increased the diversity of microbial flora in the intestinal of broilers,while increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria(firmicutes)in the intestine,so that the gut microbiota formed a dynamic and stable microecosystem.In summary,the addition of angelica stems and leafs powder to the feed improved the growth performance of broilers.It improves the blood lipid metabolism of broilers,reduces blood sugar levels,ensures the normal liver function of broilers,improves the immune performance and antioxidant capacity of broilers,and maintains the integrity and normal operation of the intestinal barrier function of broilers.Under the test conditions,the most economical addition amount of angelica stems and leafs powder was 3%. |
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