| Huang-Huai Plain is the main grain producing area in China,and agricultural ecosystem is the main ecosystem type in this area.In order to pursue food production and short-term economic benefits,people have overused chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production practices,seriously affected the regional biodiversity.Arthropod diversity plays an important role in ecosystem services such as pollination,microbial population regulation,organic matter decomposition and biological nutrient cycling in agroecosystems.In this study,the ground arthropods in the typical agricultural ecosystem of the Huang-Huai Plain were studied.Based on the pesticide and chemical fertilizer treatment platform and the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment platform of the Agricultural Ecological Experimental Station of Henan University,four surface arthropod species surveys were conducted in March,May,July and September 2022,respectively,and thirteen environmental factors were selected.The species composition,community characteristics and environmental driving factors of ground arthropods under chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,different gradients of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and pesticide interference were studied.Firstly,the species composition and diversity of ground arthropods under different disturbance treatments were analyzed.The effects of chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizers,pesticides and their interactions on the species diversity of ground arthropods were studied by multivariate analysis of variance,and the wheat season and corn season were studied respectively.Second,to dissect the environmental drivers of surface arthropod species diversity and species composition under different disturbance patterns,the correlation between species diversity and species composition and environmental factors were analyzed,and the effects of environmental factors on species of different functional groups were further explored by Monte Carlo substitution test and redundancy analysis;the degree of explanation of arthropod species composition by soil and crop factors was quantified by combining partial redundancy analysis.Finally,a simple linear regression model was used to fit the driving relationship between the surface arthropod species conversion rate and environmental differences.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The application of chemical fertilizer alone significantly reduced surface arthropod species diversity,and the application of organic fertilizer alone or no fertilizer was more beneficial to the stability of surface arthropod community structure.On the time scale,the diversity of surface arthropod species in wheat season was significantly higher than that in maize season.The surface arthropod species diversity was significantly positively correlated with soil total potassium and available phosphorus under no fertilization treatment.There was a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter under single organic fertilizer treatment.There was a significant positive correlation with soil total nitrogen,p H value and available phosphorus in the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer.However,the correlation between species diversity and environmental factors was weak under single chemical fertilizer treatment.The environmental drivers of surface arthropod species composition under different treatments of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were: total N under the no fertilizer treatment;total phosphorus and potassium under the chemical fertilizer alone treatment;and p H,fast-acting phosphorus,fast-acting potassium,and total carbon under the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer treatment.Environmental drivers of species diversity and species composition of ground arthropods in different functional groups showed significant differences.Differences in crop biomass under treatments of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone had a greater effect on species turnover rate.(2)The fertilizer reduction 50% treatment captured the highest number of ground arthropods.On the time scale,the maturity stage of wheat season is more conducive to the stability of surface arthropod community structure.The surface arthropod species diversity was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter under no fertilization treatment.Under the treatment of equivalent chemical fertilizer,it was significantly positively correlated with soil p H,total nitrogen and available phosphorus.Under the treatment of chemical fertilizer increment,it was only significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus.The key environmental drivers of surface arthropod species composition were fast-acting N under the 50%fertilizer reduction treatment;soil p H,fast-acting P,fast-acting K,and total carbon under the equivalent fertilizer treatment;and total K under the excess fertilizer treatment.Specific to different functional groups,under the treatment of equivalent chemical fertilizer,the species composition of predatory ground arthropods responded more strongly to environmental factors,while under no fertilization treatment,the species composition and species diversity of saprophagous ground arthropods responded more strongly to environmental factors.The effect of environmental factors on the turnover rate of surface arthropod species was the weakest under the incremental fertilizer treatment.(3)Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides directly or indirectly reduces the multiplicity of surface arthropod species and decreases species diversity.The surface arthropod species diversity was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus under the treatment of equivalent chemical fertilizer and pesticide.Under the treatment of equivalent chemical fertilizer and excessive pesticide,it was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus and available nitrogen.There was a significant positive correlation between total carbon,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and water content under excessive fertilizer and pesticide treatment.The environmental drivers of surface arthropod species composition under different fertilizer and pesticide disturbances were: organic matter and crop root biomass under the equivalent fertilizer and pesticide treatment;fast-acting nitrogen,total potassium,fast-acting potassium,organic matter,fast-acting phosphorus,crop root biomass,and culm biomass under the equivalent fertilizer and pesticide treatment;soil water content,total potassium,crop root biomass,and culm biomass under the equivalent fertilizer and pesticide treatment;and fast-acting potassium,crop spike biomass,and culm biomass under the equivalent fertilizer and pesticide treatment.Under the treatment of excessive chemical fertilizer and pesticide,it is fast-acting potassium,organic matter,crop spike biomass and culm biomass.The environmental drivers of species diversity and species composition of ground arthropods from different functional groups showed significant differences.Environmental factors had the least effect on the turnover rate of surface arthropod species under excessive chemical fertilizer and pesticide treatment.By analyzing the species composition,community characteristics and key environmental drivers of ground arthropods under different disturbance methods of chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizers and pesticides,this study can provide scientific basis for biodiversity conservation,soil quality conservation,chemical fertilizer and pesticide use,and food crop production in the Yellow-Huai Plain,and provide theoretical support for maintaining agro-ecosystem services. |
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