Study On The Belt Compound Planting Model And Planting Equipment Of Soybean And Corn

Soybeans and corn are important grain and oil crops in China,as well as important industrial raw materials and feed.Due to the shortage of arable land resources in China,the conflict between soybeans and corn for land is prominent.Improving soybean yield through intercropping soybean and corn without increasing land planting area is of great strategic significance for improving China’s food security.On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the problems of full mechanization in the existing soybean and corn belt composite planting mode,especially the efficiency of mechanical harvesting,a suitable soybean and corn intercropping planting mode and sowing equipment for mechanized harvesting in the Huanghuaihai region are studied to meet the needs of full mechanization operations.The specific research content is as follows:(1)Through investigation and comparative analysis of the existing belt compound Planting model of soybean and corn and the current situation of full mechanized production in the Huanghuaihai region,a broad intercropping model of soybean and corn intercropping in a staggered seedling belt is proposed,which is the “4+4” intercropping mode of soybean and corn.The row spacing is 600 mm,and the width of a single row of seedling belt is 150 mm.The soybean and corn on the seedling belt are arranged in a staggered manner,with a soybean plant spacing of110 mm and a corn plant spacing of 220 mm.(2)Based on the agronomic requirements of the broad intercropping model of soybean and corn intercropping in a staggered seedling belt,a staggered seedling belt broad intercropping seeder of soybean and corn has been developed.The fertilization,residue cleaning,and seed arrangement schemes have been determined,and the transmission system,sowing ditch opener,and other structures of the seeder have been designed.Completed the determination of key component size parameters and working parameters.(3)Based on the design parameters of the staggered seedling belt broad intercropping seeder of soybean and corn,a prototype was developed and field experiments were conducted.Under the conditions of a forward speed of 6 km/h,a theoretical spacing of 110 mm for soybeans,and a theoretical spacing of 220 mm for corn,the seeder had good passability.The ground wheel slip rate was 6.7%,the soybean sowing qualification index was 89.85%,the replanting index was 5.83%,the missed sowing index was 4.32%,the sowing depth qualification rate was 88%,and the intercropping index was 84%.The qualified index for corn sowing is 90.38%,the replanting index is 3.62%,the missed sowing index is 3.30%,the qualified rate for sowing depth is 90%,and the intercropping index is 82%,which meets the agronomic requirements of the staggered seedling belt broad intercropping seeder of soybean and corn.(4)To further improve sowing accuracy and seeds interleaving index,a dual position seed metering device was designed.We have designed the structure of the hole wheel,transmission mechanism,and seed splitter,and preliminarily determined that the range of corn shaped hole diameter is 12-14 mm,the length of the filling chamfer is 1mm,the depth of the seed cleaning chamfer is 1.5-2.5 mm,and the maximum speed of the hole wheel is 25.52 r/min.The range of values for the diameter of soybean shaped holes is 11-13 mm,the length of the filling chamfer is1-2.5 mm,and the maximum speed of the shaped hole wheel is 23.25 r/min.Simulate and analyze the working parameters of the seed metering device in the EDEM simulation software,and obtain the most effective parameter combination for seed metering: soybean shaped hole diameter 11.9mm,corn shaped hole diameter 13 mm,soybean shaped hole chamfer side length 1.75 mm,corn cleaning chamfer depth 2 mm,and the rotation speed of the hole wheel 19.2～19.4 r/min.Based on the simulation results,a prototype of the seed metering device is made and tested on the JPS-12 type seed metering device performance test bench.The results showed that compared to field experiments,the soybean sowing qualification index increased by 2.48% and the seed cross index increased by 8.7%.The qualified index of corn sowing increased by 2.61%,and the seed cross index increased by 9.7%.