| Micro-sprinkling hose irrigation is a kind of small flow irrigation technology between fields.It uses groups of water outlets on micro-sprinkling hose to evenly spray pressure water in the field,which has become one of the common water-saving irrigation forms in the northern well irrigation area.Winter wheat is the main food crop in North China,and it also needs more water.The application of micro-sprinkling hose irrigation during the growth period of winter wheat can solve the problem of excessive irrigation water in traditional furrow well,and is beneficial to increase yield and improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.However,the plant barrier in the middle and late growth of wheat significantly reduced the spraying width,which seriously affected the irrigation uniformity in the field.Under the traditional surface irrigation condition,it is necessary to improve the irrigation quality,but whether it is necessary to make borders in micro-spray irrigation is still inconclusive.Based on this,from the economic and practical point of view,explore the effective ways to improve the irrigation quality of wheat fields under the micro-jet belt irrigation condition,the relevant results can provide a decision basis for strengthening the control and management of micro-sprinkling hose irrigation process.Based on the results of the previous winter wheat efficient water use index test,this study adopted the randomized block design and took ’Zhengmai 369’ as the material to analyze the water distribution characteristics of wheat field irrigated with micro-sprinkling hose,the effect of wheat field planting on the improvement of irrigation quality with micro-sprinkling hose,and the effect of wide-width fine seeding mode on the improvement of irrigation quality and water use efficiency of wheat field irrigated with micro-sprinkling hose.As well as the determination of the appropriate irrigation control index of winter wheat micro-sprinkling hose irrigation with both water use efficiency and irrigation quality.The specific experimental arrangement is to compare and analyze the changes of water distribution and irrigation evenness in the wheat field after irrigation in the middle and late growth period of winter wheat(jointing heading stage and filling maturity stage)from 2020 to2021,considering irrigation quota level 75mm、45mm(G1、G2)and border width 2.3m、3.3m、5.3m(Q2、Q3、Q5),and the effects on yield and water use efficiency;Two experiments will be conducted from 2021 to 2022.One is the field water distribution experiment to quantify the negative effect of plant barrier on the reduction of irrigation quality in micro-sprinkling hose,and the dynamic changes of soil water before and after irrigation are continuously monitored.The other is the consideration of sowing method(conventional sowing,wide precision sowing)(C、J)and border width 2.3m,3.3m,5.3m(Q2、Q3、Q5).The effects of water distribution on yield and water use efficiency in wheat fields after irrigation were compared and analyzed.On the basis of the above experiments,this study draws the following main conclusions:(1)G1Q5 treatment had the highest soil water storage capacity after irrigation,and the soil water storage capacity after harvest was the best.Before and after irrigation at heading stage and filling stage,soil moisture in wheat field showed a curve shape.With the increase of soil depth,soil moisture content in soil layer basically did not change,which had nothing to do with irrigation level and border width.In this experiment,the deep soil moisture content was not significantly affected by irrigation water quota.With the continuation of the growth process,the soil moisture in the planned depth of wet layer was gradually consumed,and the surface soil moisture content of wheat field in filling stage increased compared with heading stage.The grain yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of border width at harvest time.Grain yield under irrigation quota G1 was relatively stable,but the maximum grain yield and water use efficiency was obtained under irrigation quota G2.In general,it is suitable to increase the border width appropriately and use the small quota irrigation technology mode for micro-sprinkling hose irrigation.(2)The effect of plant barrier in the middle and late growth of winter wheat on irrigation quality of micro-sprinkling hose was significant.The plant height and leaf area of wide precision sowing during the growth period of winter wheat was smaller than that of conventional sowing.Wide precision sowing was beneficial to the negative effect of reducing plant barrier during micro-sprinkling hose irrigation.The radial distribution of irrigation water showed a downward trend,and along the direction of micro-sprinkling hose(axial direction),there was more water penetration under the crown in the position with more irrigation water.The distribution uniformity coefficient of soil water was increased by more than 31.73% after three irrigation,and the redistribution uniformity of soil water after wide precision sowing irrigation was higher than that of conventional sowing.Therefore,in this experiment,the redistribution uniformity of soil water after irrigation is more stable,and the improvement of irrigation quality is more obvious.Compared with conventional sowing,the positive effect of soil water redistribution on the improvement of irrigation quality in micro-sprinkling hose is better reflected.The soil water storage capacity of conventional sowing is better,the grain yield is more stable,and the grain yield variability is greater in wide precision sowing,which is conducive to high yield.(3)The soil water storage of wide precision sowing after irrigation was higher than that of conventional sowing.In this experiment,the maximum soil water storage under JQ5 treatment increased by 11.58% compared with the minimum value,and the total water consumption decreased by 13.68% compared with the maximum value.JQ5 treatment is beneficial to soil moisture retention and water consumption reduction in wheat fields.Under different sowing patterns,the total water consumption of wide precision sowing was 3.40%lower than that of conventional sowing.Appropriately increasing the border width was beneficial to soil water retention,and thus conducive to water consumption during the formation of wheat grain.Compared with conventional sowing mode,wide precision sowing under micro-sprinkling hose irrigation mode was more beneficial to obtain higher grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.The number of ear,grain yield and water use efficiency of Q3 were always the highest in border width.In conclusion,properly increasing the border width combined with wide precision sowing can improve the water use efficiency,promote the growth and development of plants,increase the yield,and save water and increase income.(4)Based on the above research results,the application of micro-sprinkling hose irrigation technology is effective in the realization of small quota irrigation in wheat fields.The application of water-saving and high-efficiency irrigation technology for winter wheat can ensure that WUE can be increased by more than 10% on the basis of stable yield.Although plant barrier significantly reduces the irrigation quality in the middle and late growth period,the influence on grain yield and water use efficiency is limited.It is not necessary for wheat fields to be narrow and short.At the same time,wide precision sowing can improve water use efficiency,promote plant growth and development,increase yield,and save water and increase income.In conclusion,using the wide precision sowing mode,the lower limit of water control(relative water content)was set at 50 %,55 %,65 % and 55 %respectively before jointing stage,jointing stage,heading stage and filling stage of winter wheat,and the irrigation quota was set at 45 mm,which could be used as a suitable irrigation control index for winter wheat micro-sprinkling hose irrigation in well irrigation area of North China Plain,taking into account water efficiency and irrigation water quality. |
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