Effect Of Different Leaf Fertilizer On Fruit Quality Of ’Ruiyang’ Apple Without Bagging

Apple(Malus × domestica Borkh.)is grown widely in our country,its fruit quality is concerned.the improvement of its fruit quality attracts attention.Calcium is an essential mineral element for plant growth and development and plays an important role in the formation of fruit quality.Silicon is known as the beneficial element,which can promote the quality of some fruits.In recent years,with the continuous expansion of apple planting scale,the majority of fruit farmers in the production of excessive use of nitrogen,phosphorus and a large number of elements fertilizer,do not pay attention to the application of calcium,silicon and other trace elements,which has a certain impact on the growth of apple and the formation of fruit quality,and even caused diseases due to the lack of nutrients.Therefore,it is of great significance to study how to supplement calcium and silicon elements scientifically and reasonably in the cultivation process of fruit trees.In this experiment,five-year old ‘Ruiyang’ apple was used as the experimental material.By spraying calcium,silicon and calcium + silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface during the growing period,the effects of different calcium and silicon treatments on the calcium content,fruit quality,antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant substance content of ‘Ruiyang’ apple were systematically studied,providing scientific basis for scientific supplement of calcium and silicon elements in production and improvement of apple fruit quality.The main research results are as follows:1.Different kinds of calcium and silicon fertilizer treatments can increase the total calcium content,increase the content and proportion of water-soluble calcium,calcium pectinate and calcium oxalate,and reduce the content and proportion of calcium phosphate.The effect of calcium + silicon treatment is better than that of calcium and silicon treatment.Compared with the control group,the contents of total calcium,water-soluble calcium,calcium pectinate and calcium oxalate were significantly increased by 30.15%,48.80%,20.44% and 25.40%.2.Different kinds of calcium and silicon fertilizer treatments can increase single fruit weight,fruit hardness,soluble solid,solid acid ratio,reduce titrable acid content,improve skin redness,fruit surface finish,and reduce the occurrence of rust,among which the effect of calcium + silicon treatment is better than that of calcium and silicon treatment.Among all treatments,calcium sugar alcohol + silicon treatment had the best effect,single fruit weight,hardness,soluble solid content,solid acid ratio,skin redness,fruit finish and fruit coloring index were all at the highest level,and titrable acid content was the lowest.3.Different kinds of calcium and silicon fertilizer can change the content of antioxidants and related enzyme activities in fruits.Calcium sugar alcohol has the best effect on increasing the content of total phenols,flavanols and ascorbic acid,which significantly increased by 5.41%,21.81% and 6.32% compared with the control,calcium sugar alcohol +silicon has the best effect on increasing the content of anthocyanin.Significantly increased by 39.94% compared with the control.The activities of SOD,POD and CAT in the fruits treated with calcium nitrate and silicon were the highest,which were significantly increased by 44.78%,38.86% and 33.89% compared with the control.4.According to the experimental results,it is suggested that in the actual production,we can spray calcium alcohol and silicon fertilizer to increase the calcium content of fruit,adjust the content and proportion of calcium components,so as to improve the quality of ‘Ruiyang’apple fruit,enhance the antioxidant property of fruit,reduce the occurrence of disease,and improve the commercial rate of fruit.