Construction And Application Of Grassland And Forest Fire Warning System In Gannan

Forests and grasslands,as vital components of terrestrial carbon storage ecosystems,play an essential role in achieving the goal of "carbon neutrality".With global warming,increased extreme climate events,and intensified human activities,the frequency and intensity of forest and grassland fires worldwide are on the rise.Such fires can exacerbate climate warming,alter the structure and function of ecosystems,and even threaten the safety of human lives and property.Therefore,the prevention of forest and grassland fires is a critical aspect of national emergency management and the safety guarantee of ecological civilization construction.Building a forest and grassland fire warning system can help prevent forest and grassland fires,effectively allocate fire-fighting resources in response to potential risks,and minimize the natural and socio-economic impacts of forest and grassland fires.Currently,the mainstream forest and grassland fire warning systems in China mainly provide single indicator predictions of fire risk levels,lacking fire behavior prediction.Moreover,due to significant differences in climate characteristics and the composition of combustible materials in different regions,it remains unclear whether existing forest and grassland fire warning systems can be effectively applied to the Gannan region.This study aims to develop a universal forest and grassland fire warning system,provide daily fire risk level prediction and fire behavior prediction,optimize system parameters for the actual situation in the Gannan region,and provide a scientific basis for the risk warning and rescue plan for forest and grassland fires in Gannan.Overall,the warning system includes fire risk level prediction,fire behavior prediction,and fire spread simulation.It utilizes various sources of data such as meteorology,vegetation distribution,and remote sensing,integrates mainstream forest and grassland fire warning methods and models at home and abroad,such as the calculation of fire situation probability and fire risk level division method of the Chinese meteorological industry standard forest fire risk level,the combustible material model of the US Forest Fire Risk Assessment System,and the Rothermel surface fire spread model.The warning system introduces an interactive map that can display real-time forest and grassland fire risk levels,key fire behavior parameters such as combustible material moisture content,spread speed,fire line energy intensity,fire line length,and flame height at different time lags,and the simulation of the fire spread process on a spatial level.The system uses the Python programming language for data processing,analysis,and model construction,and the Shell language to automate the operation and maintenance of the forest and grassland fire warning system.In terms of fire warning theory,the system combines various mature fire warning theories and methods at home and abroad.Among them,the fire risk level prediction subsystem refers to the fire situation probability calculation and fire risk level division method of the Chinese meteorological industry standard forest fire risk level,and uses meteorological data to predict the fire risk level of forests and grasslands.The forest and grassland fire behavior prediction subsystem draws on the combustible material model and Rothermel surface fire spread model of the US Forest Fire Risk Assessment System,and inverses the load of combustible materials in the Gannan region using field experimental data from the Dan Yelong team and remote sensing data.The fire spread simulation refers to the Rothermel surface fire spread model and Huygens’ principle.In practical application,the system has been implemented in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,can update the forest and grassland fire prediction results for the next five days in real-time,and dynamically simulate fire spread in the next 72 hours.As a multifactor-multi-model driven comprehensive forest and grassland fire risk warning system,this system provides comprehensive,real-time,and reliable information support for the region’s forest and grassland fire warning,with significant application value.In the future,by introducing higher-resolution and higher-accuracy input data,the model can be further improved,and the spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy of predictions can be enhanced.Meanwhile,proactive research on the extrapolation adaptability of this warning system will be conducted,providing a reference for the construction of forest and grassland fire warning systems in other regions domestically and internationally.