Study On The Quality And Agronomic Characters Of High Oleic Acid And Common Peanut Recombinant Inbred Line(RIL) Population

With the the development of peanut industry and meet the demand for high-quality peanut in domestic and foreign markets,it is necessary to creat new peanut lines with high quality and high yield,such as high protein and high sugar,based on high oleic acid.Peanut plant traits,economic traits and quality traits are mostly complex quantitative traits,which is difficult to understand the genetic patterns of traits for us.In this study,the common peanut variety vd209was used as the female parent and the high oleic acid peanut line L107 was used as the male parent to obtain F₂.F₂ was self-bred for 6 generations by single seed transmission method,and the F_2:6 peanut recombinant inbred line（RIL）population was obtained.The RIL population was planted in three different geographical environments of Fuxin,Jinzhou and Tieling in Liaoning Province,and the coefficient of variation,the ratio of parentage,normality,variance,and variance of four plant traits（main stem height,lateral branch length,total branch number,and fruiting branch number）,one economic trait（kernel yield）,and seven quality traits（oleic acid,linoleic acid,crude fat,crude protein,palmitic acid,vitamin E,and sucrose）in the three environments were calculated correlation and principal component analysis.The research results can reveal the genetic laws of agronomic and quality traits in peanuts,aiming to provide theoretical basis for the breeding of new peanut strains The main findings are as follows:1.Different enviroments could affect the coefficient of variation and hyperparent ratio values,but except the hyperparent ratio of agronomic traits,the value of other traits remain at a cetain level,that was still regulated by genotype.The variation ranges of main stem height,lateral branch length,total branch number,and fruiting branch number in the RIL population were24.74%-41.10%,22.54%-38.38%,20.60%-24.35%,20.86%-29.45%,respectively.The super parent ratio was between 13.65%-41.10%,0.71%-25.87%,6.03%-39.41%,2.66%-19.41%.The CV of kernel yield ranged 6.54%-6.72%,while that of parents was 29.91%-86.55%.Oleic acid,linoleic acid,crude fat,protein,palmitic acid,vitamin E,and sucrose was 9.09%-10.98%,85.43%-106.22%,3.79%-4.12%,5.29%-6.96%,15.12%-16.69%,9.27%-12.04%,13.91%-22.72%,with hyperphilic ratios of 94.20%-94.92%,5.43%-5.80%,30.25%-63.59%,30.98%-90.93%,6.11%-6.25%,71.56%-87.50%,71.56%-87.50%,60.33%-70.83%.2.The plant traits in Fuxin and Jinzhou areas were P>0.05,the vitamin E and sucrose in the economic and quality traits in the three areas were P>0.05,and the other traits were P<0.05.The normal distribution map showed that all the traits in the RIL population showed continuous variation.,the results showed that environmental differences had an affect on the distribution of RIL population traits.In general,plant traits and economic traits were mostly normal distribution,while quality traits were mostly skewed distribution,and all trait variations had continuity characteristics.3.Multiple environments showed that the main stem height was significantly positively correlated with kernel yield,lateral branch length and number of bearing branches,the lateral branch length was significantly positively correlated with kernel yield,and the number of bearing branches was significantly positively correlated with lateral branch length and number of bearing branches.Among the quality traits,oleic acid has a significant negative correlation with linoleic acid and palmitic acid,and a significant positive correlation with fat and protein.Linoleic acid has a significant negative correlation with fat and protein,and a positive correlation with palmitic acid.Fat and protein have a significant negative correlation with palmitic acid and sucrose,while protein has a significant negative correlation with VE,and vice versa.Palmitic acid has a significant negative correlation and positive correlation with VE and sucrose.The correlation between agronomic and quality traits indicates,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and the number of fruiting branches,fat,vitamin E and kernel yield were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation,sucrose and kernel yield,main stem height,and lateral branch length were significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation.4.Multiple environments showed that the optimal genetic models for kernel yield,main stem height,lateral branch length,total branch number,fruit branch number,oleic acid,linoleic acid,crude fat,protein,palmitic acid,vitamin E and sucrose were 2MG-EA（2 pairs of major genes-equal-additive）,2MG-Complementary（2 pairs of major genes-complementary）,2MG-Dominant I（2 pairs of major genes-dominant epistatic）3MG-A（3 main gene-additive pairs）,3MG-A（3main gene-additive pairs）,2MG-A（2 main gene-additive pairs）,2MG-EA（2 main gene-equivalent pairs）,3MG-PEA（3 main gene-equivalent pairs）,2MG-Duplicate（2 main gene-overlap pairs）,0MG（no main gene）,1MG-A（1 main gene-additive pair）,2MG-EA（2main gene-equivalent pairs）.The estimation of genetic parameters showed that the length of lateral branches,the number of total branches and the number of fruiting branches had negative additive effects on the main genes,while the two pairs of main genes of oleic acid had positive additive effects.The pair of main genes of linoleic acid had negative additive effects,and the kernel yield,fat,vitamin E and sucrose had only one pair of main genes because of positive additive effects.The heritability of the main genes for main stem height is 74.92%,the heritability of the main genes for side branch length,oleic acid and fat is 100%,the heritability of the number of fruit branches is 92.0%,and the heritability of vitamin E is 55%.5.Under multiple environments,four principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 79.107%were extracted from Fuxin,five principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 83.445%were extracted from Jinzhou,and five principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 86.897%were extracted from Tieling.Four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.968%were extracted from the RIL population in three regions,which contained most of the information about plant traits,economic traits and quality traits of the RIL population.6.The study obtained 309 high oleic acid materials,21 high sugar materials,4 high protein materials,3 high vitamin E materials,and no high fat material.Among them,there is one high oleic acid and high protein product line,three high oleic acid and high sugar products,and one high oleic acid and high vitamin E line.