Design And Experimental Study Of Comb-tooth Ginseng Seed Harvesting Device

’Morphology is similar to human,Gongshen Tiandi ’ is the ancients ’ description of ginseng.Its medicinal value,economic value and biological value are extremely high,and it is known as ’the spirit of a thousand herbs,the long of a hundred herbs ’.Ginseng seeds are ginseng germplasm resources.At present,the harvesting process is completely manual,with high cost,low efficiency and high loss rate.Therefore,the research on ginseng seed harvesting device has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the efficiency of ginseng seed harvesting and promoting the mechanization process of the whole industry chain of ginseng.Taking American ginseng as an example,this paper investigates and tests the planting environment,growth and basic physical characteristics of American ginseng seeds and plants,and determines the design scheme of comb-tooth ginseng seed harvesting device.The design modeling and checking calculation were carried out by using Solid Works software,and the mechanical simulation analysis of key components was carried out.Through the soil trough test,the optimal working parameter combination was determined and the components were optimized,and the field verification test was completed in the American ginseng planting base of Jilin Agricultural University.The main research contents and results are as follows :(1)Analysis of physical characteristics of ginseng seeds and plants.The agronomic requirements of ginseng planting of ’ American ginseng No.1 ’ and ’ American ginseng No.2 ’were investigated.The results showed that the plant spacing of American ginseng was 12 ～ 15 cm,the average row spacing was 8 ～ 10 cm,the width of border was 130 ～ 150 cm,the center distance of border was 165 ～ 175 cm,and the height of border was 14 ～ 17 cm.The physical parameters of ginseng seeds and plants were measured.The average plant height of ginseng plants was about 45 cm,stem diameter was 4.18 ～ 4.45 mm,fruit stalk length was 25 ～ 27 mm,ginseng seeds were ellipsoidal,and the longest diameter was between 6 ～ 7 mm.Taking the peduncle connection force of ginseng seeds as the evaluation index,the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was carried out on the maturity of ginseng seeds,picking position and the longest diameter of seeds.It was found that the significant factor affecting the peduncle connection force was the maturity of ginseng seeds.Therefore,it can be harvested in the middle and late stages after the maturity of ginseng seeds.At this time,ginseng seeds are most likely to fall off;in the determination test of the tensile destructive force of ginseng stem,it was found that the average tensile force was 48.61 N and the minimum was 39.32 N.Therefore,the maximum tensile force of the harvesting device on the ginseng stem should not exceed 39 N,so as not to cause damage to the ginseng plant.(2)Design and mechanical simulation analysis of comb-tooth ginseng seed harvesting device.Based on the physical and mechanical properties of ginseng seeds and ginseng plants and related test results,the structural parameters and assembly parameters of ginseng seed harvesting device were determined by Solid Works software.The three-dimensional modeling of stripping device,drum shaft,height adjustment device,hopper,rack,speed regulating motor and self-propelled wheel was carried out.The simulation module was introduced to divide the finite element solid mesh model of stripping device and drum shaft.The three-dimensional design of comb-type ginseng seed harvesting device was completed by Direct Sparse solver.(3)Optimization of working parameters of comb-tooth ginseng seed harvesting device.Taking the angle of the comb,the speed of the comb and the installation height of the comb roller shaft as the test factors,and the recovery rate as the evaluation index,the single factor simulation test was carried out by using the soil trough test bench,and the level range of each factor was determined.Using Design-Expert8.0.6.1 software to carry out the quadratic regression orthogonal test design of three factors and three levels,taking the recovery rate as the response value,the final working parameter combination is optimized as follows : the comb angle is 31.04 °,the comb drum speed is 12.98 r / min,the comb drum shaft height is 429.30 mm,and the predicted recovery rate is 95.98 %.(4)Field verification test.The simulation parameters were optimized by quadratic regression orthogonal test,and the final parameter combination was determined as follows : the comb tooth angle was 30 °,the comb tooth speed was 13 r / min,and the installation height of the comb tooth transmission shaft was 430 mm.After adjusting the working parameters,the actual ginseng seed harvest test was carried out in the American ginseng planting base of Jilin Agricultural University.Five groups of tests were repeated,and the recovery rates were calculated separately.The results were averaged,and the actual recovery rate was finally calculated to be 95.36 %,which met the work and design requirements.The experimental study of ginseng seed harvesting device carried out in this paper further expands the research field of full mechanization of ginseng planting and provides new technology and equipment.The research results provide new theories and methods for the development of ginseng seed harvesting machinery,which has important guiding significance.