| Primula plants have always attracted people’s attention because of their outstanding ornamental properties.Primula acaulis potted flowers are popular among the public because of their strong cold resistance,long flowering period,rich flower color and other advantages,and have a large market demand.However,there is currently relatively little research on the commercialization of Primula acaulis potted flowers,which is difficult to meet its needs for large-scale cultivation and industrial promotion.Therefore,in this study,aiming at the problems of propagation and cultivation technology of Primula acaulis,two varieties of Primula acaulis‘Danessa’and‘Danova’were used as experimental materials.Through the study of their soilless seedling substrate,tissue culture,soilless culture substrate and fertilization methods,it is expected to explore the commercial production technology suitable for the two varieties of Primula acaulis,and achieve the purpose of guiding enterprises to carry out the commercial production of Primula acaulis potted flowers.The main findings are as follows:（1）In the experiment,peat,vermiculite and perlite with different proportions were selected as the nursery media to explore the effect of different nursery media on Primula acaulis,and the suitable soilless nursery media was selected.The results showed that‘Danessa’seeds had the best germination status in A2 treatment（peat:vermiculite=1:1）,the highest germination rate and germination potential,the earliest time of the first true leaf.The best seeding growth condition of A3 treatment（vermiculite:perlite=1:1）,the highest plant height and crown width‘Danova’seeds germinated well in A2 treatment,with the highest germination rate and the best growth condition of seedlings.The plant height and crown width were the highest in each treatment.The comprehensive evaluation results show that for‘Danessa’,the best seedling substrate treatment is A3,and for‘Danova’,A2treatment has the best comprehensive quality.（2）The seeds of‘Danessa’and’Danova were used as explants for aseptic seeding to obtain aseptic seedlings.In order to establish the tissue culture system of Primula acaulis,the aseptic seedlings without roots and large leaves were cultured for proliferation.It was found that the most suitable proliferation medium was B2:MS+NAA0.2mg·L-1+6-BA0.5mg·L-1;The optimum rooting medium is C4:MS+6-BA0.1mg·L-1;When the seedlings were refined and transplanted,the transplanting media had no significant effect on the survival rate of the tissue culture seedlings of Primula acaulis.The survival rate of the two Primula acaulis varieties transplanted in four different media reached 100%,but the two varieties were both in D3（vermiculite:perlite=1:1）treatment,with short growth and poor growth potential.（3）In order to select the suitable soilless culture medium,with the garden soil as the control,the three substrates of peat,vermiculite and perlite were selected for mixed proportion.The results showed that the‘Danessa’grew better in E4 treatment（peat:vermiculite:perlite=2:1:2）,had good flowering quality in E2（peat:vermiculite=2:1）and E5treatment（peat:vermiculite:perlite=4:1:2）,had more biomass accumulation in E5 treatment,and had better overall performance of physiological and photosynthetic parameters.Finally,principal component analysis found that for‘Danessa’.The most suitable culture medium is E5‘Danova’grew better and had the largest number of flowers in E2 treatment,while the biomass accumulation and physiological photosynthetic indicators were better in E5treatment.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the comprehensive quality of’‘Danova’was the best under E5 treatment.（4）In order to select the fertilization method suitable for Primula acaulis,the orthogonal test of different fertilization types,set different fertilization amounts and frequencies,and the best fertilization method was selected by analyzing the growth,physiology and nutrient content of potted flowers.The results showed that different kinds of fertilizer promoted the growth of Primula acaulis to a certain extent,the application of water-soluble fertilizers can promote the growth and development of‘Danessa’,increase the number of flowers and improve the ornamental quality;The application of controlled-release fertilizer has a significant impact on the photosynthetic characteristics of‘Danessa’leaves.The photosynthetic capacity increases,the physiological indicators increase,and the total nitrogen content of leaves and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content also increase to varying degrees.The comprehensive quality of‘Danessa’is the best when T1（water soluble fertilizer）is applied.For‘Danova’,under T1（water soluble fertilizer）treatment,the growth and development of the plant were enhanced and the chlorophyll content of the leaves increased;under T3（controlled release fertilizer）treatment,the photosynthetic characteristics of the plant leaves and also the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in the leaves were increased,the vitality of plant roots is enhanced,and the increase of total nitrogen content in the leaves and under T3（controlled release fertilizer）,the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and soluble sugars and soluble proteins in leaves were improved,root vigor of plants was enhanced,and the accumulation of total nitrogen in leaves and alkaline nitrogen in soil was promoted.In the fertilization amount experiment,fertilization frequency and the interaction between two factors,it was found that A3 high fertilization amount could significantly improve the nutrient absorption,growth and quality of Primula acaulis leaves,the effect of fertilization frequency on the growth and development of Primula acaulis is not significant.Finally,through comprehensive evaluation,it is concluded that the best fertilization treatment of‘Danessa’is fertilization amount A3（150mg/pot）,fertilization frequency F7（7d/time）,and the best fertilization treatment of‘Danova’is A3F15（150mg/pot,15d/time）.At this time,the synergistic effect of plant growth,physiology and nutrient content is the best. |
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