Study On High-Yield Cultivation Mode Of Artificial Grassland In Jinchang Area

The proportion of artificial grassland is an important indicator to measure the development of grassland animal husbandry in a country or region.In recent years,Jinchang area has taken the transformation of animal husbandry development mode as the main industry,fully promoted the construction of modern animal husbandryand continuously optimized the industrial structure of Jinchang meat sheep and Yongchang white goat,which is an important mutton production base in Gansu Province.Planting forages and raising sheep to develop ecological animal husbandry has achieved remarkable results,it has become the main economic source for promoting regional industrial development and increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen.According to the current problems of forage production situation,such as simple forage species,lack of high-quality forage,low and unstable yield etc.,this experiment were carried out in Yuansheng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd,a local agricultural complex.We have conducted research on the high-yield cultivation mode of mixed seeding artificial grassland mainly used for grazing.Through measures such as introducing and screening high-quality forage,developing mixed seeding technology,and soil management,we have formed a set of high yield cultivation technology modes for mixed seeding grassland,providing technical examples and theoretical support for promoting the development of local grassland and animal husbandry.The main results are as follows:1.Forage introduction and screening.Six legumes and four grasses were introduced for comparison and screening,which include 5 alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)varieties(WL168HQ,WL319HQ,WL343HQ,WL363HQ and WL440HQ)with fall dormancy grades of 2.0,2.8,3.9,4.9,and 6.0,sainfoin(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop),and perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.),smooth brome(Bromus inermis),wheatgrass(Agropyron cristatum L.),orchard grass(Dactylis glomerata L.),etc.with local alfalfa Longwei 6010 as the control.Observation,measurement and comparative analysis of indicators such as period,yield traits,growth performance and nutritional components,and comprehensive evaluation using gray correlation analysis.The results showed that WL168HQ,WL440HQ,Gansu sainfoin have better comprehensive performance than the other legumes.In the second year,the first 3 cuts yields of Gansu sainfoin all showed excellent performance(P<0.05),the fresh yield reached up to as high as 50.33 t/hm~2,30.20 t/hm~2,and 19.00 t/hm~2.The growth performance and nutrient composition were better than those of local alfalfa(P<0.05).Among the forage grasses,smooth brome grass and perennial ryegrass have better performance,and the fresh yield of perennial ryegrass was significantly higher than that of the other grasses,which reached up to 42.47 t/hm~2(P<0.05).We recommend above 5 forages can be used as the main species for pasture establishment in Jinchang area.2.Study on mixture seeding technology.According to the results of introduction and screening,combined with local planting habits,a total of 9 mixed-sowing combinations were set up in the experiment,namely alfalfa(WL440HQ)+brome+oats,alfalfa(WL319HQ)+tall fescue+oats,alfalfa(WL440HQ)+wheatgrass+oats,alfalfa(WL168HQ)+bluegrass+perennial ryegrass,white clover+perennial ryegrass+wheatgrass,alfalfa(WL440HQ)+smooth brome grass+wheatgrass,vicia sativa+elymus dahuricus+oats,sainfoin+smooth brome grass+oats,alfalfa(Longwei 6010)+sorghum.The legume to grass ratio is 6:2:2 or 6:4,with local alfalfa as a control,various indicators such as production performance and nutritional value of different mixed sowing treatments were measured.,sainfoin+smooth brome grass+oats,alfalfa(Longwei 6010)+sorghum had better grass yields in the year of sowing,respectively 39.65t/hm~2,41.72 t/hm~2,38.24t/hm~2,40.17 t/hm~2 were higher than the local cultivation model(P<0.05)),and finally determined that alfalfa(WL168HQ)+bluegrass+perennial ryegrass,alfalfa(WL440HQ)+smooth brome grass+wheatgrass,alfalfa(Longwei 6010)+sorghum grass can be used as the optimal combination of mixed sowing mode,which can provide a reference for local mixed sowing pasture cultivation.3.The soil improvement effect of mixture seeding grassland.To study the improvement effect of mixed planting on topsoil,taking the local alfalfa single-sowing cultivation mode as a control,we measured the nutrients,bacterial and fungal microbial community composition of the 9 different mixture pasture.The 0-20 cm topsoil samples were taken from the cultivated grassland that had been planted for two years,and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured,and the composition of the microbial community was analyzed and evaluated by the 16Sr DNA/ITS high-throughput sequencing method.The number of bacterial and fungal features in different cultivation modes increased,and the mixed cultivation mode helped to improve the composition characteristics of grassland soil bacterial communities,among which alfalfa(WL168HQ)+bluegrass+perennial ryegrass had the best effect(P<0.05),It is suitable for further promotion of planting in Jinchang area,improvement of grassland micro-ecology,and promotion of sustainable development of cultivated grassland.In summary,it is believed that alfalfa(WL168HQ,WL440HQ),Gansu sainfoin,smooth brome grass and perennial ryegrass can be used as local main varieties.alfalfa(WL168HQ)+bluegrass+perennial ryegrass,alfalfa(WL440HQ)+smooth brome grass+wheatgrass,alfalfa(Longwei 6010)+sorghum grass can be used as a demonstration and promotion of the main local mixed broadcast combination model.alfalfa(WL168HQ)+bluegrass+perennial ryegrass has the best effect on soil improvement.