Design And Application Of WSN Communication System For Forest Environment Monitoring

In today’s society,people’s awareness of the importance of environmental protection is constantly increasing.People need to obtain a large amount of data to understand the changes of the natural environment.Environmental monitoring is an important way to obtain data.It can monitor daily environmental parameters,such as soil temperature,water PH,air quality,etc.It can also predict natural disasters,such as fire,earthquake,typhoon,etc.,so as to reduce unnecessary losses and better protect the environment.Forest environment is a typical natural environment,which plays an important role in the ecosystem.Under the influence of light,temperature and other factors,forests are also vulnerable to natural disasters,so it is necessary to effectively monitor the forest environment.Wireless sensor network(WSN)environmental monitoring technology is a new monitoring method.It uses wireless sensor nodes to form a network,which can collect and transmit information in various complex environments.However,the existing wireless communication protocols cannot well meet the needs of low cost,low power consumption,small volume and easy maintenance required by forest environment monitoring.Therefore,this paper designs a WSN communication system specifically for forest environment monitoring scenarios,which mainly includes the following parts:(1)In view of the requirements of low cost,low power consumption and small size of forest environment monitoring,this paper designed a small forest environment data monitoring equipment.The PCB(Printed circuit board)of this equipment is only 5.57cm*2.65 cm,and it can work continuously for 145 days with the power supply of 5500 m Ah lithium battery.Sustainable access to forest environmental data such as temperature,humidity,air pressure and light intensity.(2)A wireless communication protocol for forest environmental monitoring data transmission is designed and developed.It can transmit the acquired environmental data back to the background through multi-hop.Meanwhile,the protocol is compared with other wireless communication protocols,such as Lora WAN(Ram and Flash occupy Mb).It is more lightweight(maximum RAM consumption of 1.6K,maximum Flash consumption of 7K),and the function is more simple,no redundancy design,can better save hardware resources,reduce cost and power consumption.(3)A wireless ranging and positioning protocol is designed,which is embedded in the wireless communication protocol.It can obtain the node location information in real time on the basis of ensuring high-quality routing,which is not available in other wireless communication protocols.Through this protocol,the location of monitoring nodes in forest environment can be obtained in real time.The number of active nodes and the number and location of faulty nodes can be obtained effectively to reduce the maintenance cost of environmental monitoring nodes and improve the efficiency of node maintenance.