| Object: Tuha area extreme drought rainfall is scarce,agricultural irrigation mainly depends on underground well water,and the temperature of well water is low.The frequent high temperature weather makes the soil temperature very high.Well water direct irrigation will make the soil temperature drop sharply,which is not conducive to the growth of crop roots.In addition,in recent years,in order to pursue yield,farmers have applied a large amount of chemical fertilizers,which has caused the deterioration of soil environment and the decline of jujube quality.In this study,a two-year field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation water temperatures and organic fertilizer application ratios on soil temperature,soil moisture,soil nutrients,physiological growth,yield and quality,and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of drip irrigation Jun jujube.Explore the organic fertilizer application mode suitable for Jun jujube planting in Tuha area,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient use of water and fertilizer in arid areas and the yield and quality of Jun jujube.Methods: Through the field plot experiment,Jun jujube was used as the test material,and two irrigation water temperatures(well water T1: 13±1 ℃,warming water T2: 21±1 ℃)and six organic fertilizer application levels were set,that is,organic fertilizer was used to replace 0%,10%,30%,50%,70% and 90%(F0,F1,F3,F5,F7,F9)of the chemical fertilizer,and the chemical fertilizer was applied under the well water as CK(T1F0),a total of 12 treatments,each treatment was repeated three times.The irrigation water temperature is increased by using abundant sunlight and heat(assisted by electric energy device in cloudy days).Before fertilization,the fertilizer is mixed in the container proportionally until it is fully dissolved,then poured into the fertilization tank and applied to the soil with the drip irrigation system.Results:(1)The soil temperature gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the surface(0～10cm)soil temperature was greatly affected by the temperature.Under the same irrigation water temperature,the soil temperature increased with the increase of organic fertilizer substitution ratio.Under the same fertilization level,increasing irrigation water temperature increased soil temperature.(2)With the advancement of the growth process,the soil moisture content increased first,then decreased and then increased,and the fruit expansion period was the smallest.In the vertical direction,the soil moisture increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth.The soil moisture content of 0～20 cm soil layer was lower than that of other soil layers,and the change rule was not obvious.Under the same irrigation water temperature,the average soil moisture content of 0～100 cm increased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer.Under the same fertilization level,the average soil moisture content of 0～100cm decreased and the deep soil moisture increased slightly with the increase of irrigation water temperature.Warming irrigation and combined application of organic fertilizer increased water consumption.Compared with CK treatment,combined application of organic fertilizer under well water irrigation increased water consumption by 1.48～12.33%.The application of organic fertilizer under warming irrigation increased water consumption by 3.98～14.15%.Compared with well water irrigation,the water consumption of increasing irrigation water temperature increased by 1.62～2.91%.(3)The soil nutrient content in the soil surface layer(0～20 cm)was the highest,and the nutrients decreased with the increase in depth.Under the same irrigation water temperature,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can increase soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen content and reduce the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil.Under the same fertilization level,increasing irrigation water temperature can accelerate the decomposition and transformation of fertilizers,and the contents of soil organic matter,soil total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen all showed a downward trend,showing T2<T1.(4)Under the same irrigation water temperature,the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can increase the relative chlorophyll content of Jun Jujube,promote the growth of new shoots,increase the yield of Jun Jujube,improve the fruit quality,and increase the net benefit.Under the same fertilization level,the effect of warming water irrigation is better than that of well water irrigation,which is T2>T1.Compared with CK treatment,the application of organic fertilizer under warming irrigation increased the yield by 15.39～36.18%,increased the contents of total sugar,Vitamin C,and soluble solids by12.88～16.96%,6.64～25.57% and 6.96～23.55%,respectively,and decreased the total acid by 7.03～21.80%.(5)Under the same irrigation water temperature,the water and fertilizer use efficiency of Jun jujube increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,and the water use efficiency reached the maximum when the proportion of organic fertilizer was 50%(F5).Compared with CK treatment,the application of organic fertilizer under well water irrigation increased the water use efficiency by 2.52～17.46% and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 7.65～25.98%.The water use efficiency was increased by 5.29～23.47% and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 4.96～23.85%by applying organic fertilizer under warm water irrigation.Under the same fertilization level,compared with well water irrigation,increasing irrigation water temperature increased water use efficiency by 2.16～7.91%and nitrogen partial productivity by 4.31～9.93%.Conclusion: Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the yield,quality and net income of Jun jujube.Combined with the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer,it was concluded that organic fertilizer combined with 50% chemical fertilizer under warming water(21±1℃)irrigation was suitable for increasing yield,improving quality and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer of drip irrigation Jun jujube in the Tuha area. |
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