Effects Of Combined Stress From Cadmium And Chlorantraniliprole On Reproductive Behaviors And Detoxification Enzymes’ Activities Of Ostrinia Furnacalis (Lepidoptera:Crambidae)

Heavy metals and pesticides are two common types of farmland pollutants.In order to explore the effects of combined pollution of heavy metal cadmium(Cd)and pesticide chlorantraniliprole(CAL)on animals and the detoxification mechanism of animals under combined stress,the phytophagous insect Ostrinia furnacalis was used as the research object in this paper.Cd and CAL were added to the artificial diet,and the normal diet was used as the control.The effects of 5 mg/kg Cd,0.003 mg/kg CAL and 5 mg/kg Cd+0.003mg/kg CAL(combined stress)on the development and reproduction of O.furnacalis,the calling behavior of female moths and the orientated behavior of male moths were studied.The activities of different detoxification enzymes of O.furnacalis under single and combined stress of Cd and CAL were determined.The main results were as follows.1.Cd,CAL and Cd+CAL combined treatment significantly prolonged the larval duration of O.furnacalis.The pupal duration of O.furnacalis under Cd stress was significantly shortened by 0.4 d than that of the control,and the pupal duration of other treatments was longer than that of the control.The adult duration of O.furnacalis under Cd+CAL treatment was significantly shorter than that of the control.The combined treatment of Cd,CAL and Cd+CAL increased the abnormal pupa rate and decreased the pupae emergence rate of O.furnacalis.The abnormal pupa rate of the Cd+CAL stress was the highest(29.3%),compared with the control significantly increased by 19.4%.The pupae emergence rate of the CAL stress was the lowest(68.2%),compared with the control significantly increased by 25.5%.And there was only no significant difference between Cd treatment and control.CAL treatment had the most obvious inhibitory effect on the pupal weight of O.furnacalis,which was significantly reduced by 23.9% compared with the control,and also had the most obvious effect on the adult weight of O.furnacalis,which was significantly reduced by 12.2% compared with the control.2.The result indicated that the calling rate of O.furnacalis decreased under Cd treatment.The calling rate and the highest calling rate of female moths increased under CAL and Cd+CAL combined treatment.Under Cd treatment,the mating peak time was delayed by 0.5-2.1 hours.However,the time of mating peak was prolonged under CAL and Cd+CAL treatment.3.Cd,CAL and Cd+CAL inhibited the orientation behavior of O.furnacalis.Except that the percentage of take-off of CK female moth×Cd+CAL male moth combination was3.3% higher than that of CK female moth×CK male moth,the orientation behavior of the other combinations was lower than that of the control.4.The oviposition by O.furnacalis was related to the treatment of female moths.When female moths were treated as control,the number of oviposition by female moths was not related to the treatment of male moths.When the treatment combinations were treatment female moths×treatment male moths and treatment female moths×control male moths,the oviposition by female moths of O.furnacalis was significantly lower than that of control female moths×control male moths.Cd,CAL and Cd+CAL treatments also inhibited the egg hatchability of O.furnacalis.The egg hatchability of O.furnacalis in each treatment combination was CK female moth × CK male moth>CK female moth ×treatments(T)male moth≈T female moth×CK male moth>T female moth×T male moth.5.Cd,CAL and combined stress affected the activities of different detoxification enzymes(including Glutathione-S-transferase GST,Carboxylesterase Car E,Acetylcholinesterase ACh E)in O.furnacalis.The change of GST activity of O.furnacalis was observed,which had inducement effect.The Cd+CAL had the strongest inducing effect on GST activity of different developing stages of O.furnacalis,which was greater than that of single treatment of Cd or CAL.The Car E activity of O.furnacalis showed the inhibitory effect compared with the control,and the Cd+CAL treatment had the strongest inhibitory effect on the Car E activity of O.furnacalis.The ACh E activity of O.furnacalis fed on different diets showed induction in the 3rd instar larvae and different performance in the pupae or adults.