| Excessive application of chemical fertilizers causes damage to soil and ecological environment,and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers is of great significance for sustainable agricultural development.Tobacco foam organic fertilizer is rich in various nutrients,and there is currently little research on the partial substitution of tobacco foam organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizers.This article takes Futiannuo 2 corn as the research object,and through pot and field experiments,studies the effects of different proportions of tobacco foam organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizers on corn biomass,soil physicochemical properties,soil microorganisms,root organic acid secretion,corn yield and quality.The main research findings are as follows:(1)Replacing chemical fertilizers with a small amount of smoke foam organic fertilizer can increase the biomass and nutrient content of corn plants.Under potted conditions,compared with CK treatment(100% inorganic fertilizer),T2 treatment(40% organic fertilizer+60% inorganic fertilizer)had the highest plant height and spike height,increasing by 5.71% and 39.74%,respectively.T1 treatment(20% organic fertilizer+80% inorganic fertilizer)had the highest aboveground fresh weight,underground fresh weight,aboveground total nitrogen,and underground total nitrogen,increasing by 14.97%,20.19%,16.53%,and 23.79%,respectively.(2)Pot experiment conditions showed that different proportions of tobacco foam organic fertilizer replaced chemical fertilizers,resulting in a certain increase in the p H value and organic matter content of maize rhizosphere soil,and it increased with the increase of substitution ratio;Compared with CK treatment,T1 treatment showed the largest increase in total nitrogen content,at 6.50%;Compared with CK treatment,T2 treatment showed the most significant increase in available phosphorus and available potassium content,with an increase of 60.27% and 13.22%,respectively;The alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil was highest in T1 treatment,which increased by 32.84% compared to CK treatment.Under field experimental conditions,compared with CK treatment,the replacement of chemical fertilizer with tobacco foam organic fertilizer significantly increased soil p H and organic matter content;Compared with CK treatment,S1 treatment showed the largest increase in total nitrogen and available potassium content,with increases of 21.49% and 20.20%,respectively.S2 treatment showed the largest increase in alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content,with increases of 20.96% and 37.79%,respectively.(3)Under potted conditions,compared with CK treatment,T2 treatment significantly increased the number of bacteria and ammonifying bacteria in the soil,with an increase of48.90% and 72.70%,respectively;T1 treatment significantly increased the number of Nitrifying bacteria in the soil by 22.84%.Under the field test conditions,compared with CK treatment,S1 treatment had the largest number of bacteria,ammonifying bacteria and Nitrifying bacteria,which increased by 54.91%,11.59% and 23.03% respectively.(4)The appropriate proportion of tobacco foam organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer treatment can increase the organic acid content secreted by roots.Compared with CK treatment,T1 treatment has the highest organic acid content,with oxalic acid,tartaric acid,formic acid,malic acid,and succinic acid content increased by 7.48%,41.31%,14.01%,46.75%,and 64.44%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the total organic acid secretion of T1 treatment also significantly increased by 17.82%.(5)Under the conditions of pot experiments,through redundancy analysis of organic acid components secreted by roots and soil environmental factors,it was found that succinic acid and tartaric acid were significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen and available phosphorus,while oxalic acid,tartaric acid,succinic acid,formic acid,and malic acid were all positively correlated with total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium.The correlation analysis between the organic acid components secreted by the root system and the top 10 bacterial communities at the phylum level revealed a highly significant positive correlation between Actinobacteriota and succinic acid;There is a significant negative correlation between Acidobacteriota and formic acid;Gemmatimonadota showed a significant negative correlation with acetic acid;Patescibacteria showed a significant positive correlation with citric acid and a highly significant negative correlation with malic acid.(6)Replacing chemical fertilizers with appropriate proportions of smoke foam organic fertilizer significantly increases the yield of fresh corn per mu and improves the quality of corn grains.Compared with CK treatment,S1 treatment increased the yield,soluble sugar,lysine,and soluble protein content of fresh corn by 35.95%,63.93%,10.43%,and 46.78%,respectively,while S2 treatment increased by 32.58%,37.70%,28.39%,and 51.53%,respectively.(7)Under field experimental conditions,correlation analysis was conducted between soil nutrients,soil microorganisms,and corn yield and quality.It was found that total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and fresh corn yield per mu were significantly positively correlated.There is a highly significant positive correlation between ammonium nitrogen content,bacterial count,and soluble sugar content in corn.There is a significant positive correlation between available phosphorus and lysine.There is a significant negative correlation between total nitrogen and fungi,a significant positive correlation between ammonium nitrogen and bacteria,and a highly significant negative correlation between p H and nitrate nitrogen.In summary,considering the biomass of corn plants,soil nutrients,soil microorganisms,organic acid content secreted by roots,as well as corn yield and grain quality,it is believed that replacing chemical fertilizers with 20% to 40% tobacco foam organic fertilizer is the best replacement ratio for promoting corn growth. |
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