Preliminary Evaluation And Analysis Of Germplasm Resources Of Flat-nectarine Peach In Weihui Area Of Xinxiang

As a hybrid variety of nectarine and flat peach,possesses the selection characteristics of both nectarine and flat peach,with a smooth and hairless skin and a unique and beautiful flat fruit shape.At present,the planting area and yield of peaches in China are the world’s largest.Due to its outstanding fruit quality,the planting range of flat-nectarine peachs is constantly expanding,and new varieties are gradually emerging.However,at present,the main cultivated varieties in China are still ordinary peaches,and the quality of which varieties of oil flat peaches are more prominent and more suitable for promotion and cultivation has become one of the focuses of the current work on oil flat peach germplasm resources.This study investigated the phenology,agronomic traits,and fruit quality traits of 12 flat-nectarine peach germplasm resources in the Weihui area of Xinxiang,providing certain suggestions for the promotion and planting of flat-nectarine peach in local areas in the later stage.It has certain significance in promoting the optimization and upgrading of peach industry structure.The main results are as follows:1.Through the investigation of the phenological periods in 2021 and 2022,it was found that there is little change in the interannual phenological periods.Except for the end of defoliation and later growth and development in 2022,all other phenological periods show that2022 is earlier than 2021.In addition,through grey correlation analysis and correlation analysis,it can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between fruit maturity and fruit growth period,with correlation coefficients of 0.986,respectively.The fruit maturity period has the greatest impact on fruit growth period;There is a significant negative correlation between the initial flowering period,fruit maturity period,and fruit growth period,with correlation coefficients of-0.810 and-0.817,respectively;The effects of leaf expansion,blooming,leaf bud opening,and leaf bud germination on the fruit growth period are relatively small.2.Through investigation and analysis of 12 germplasm resources of oil flat peaches,it was found that the agronomic and fruit quality traits of different oil flat peaches were relatively diverse,and there were certain differences in tree body,flowers,leaves,and fruits.Through analysis of coefficient of variation and Shannon Wiener diversity index,it was found that the coefficient of variation for female to male stamen height ratio was 53.26%,and the diversity index was 0.96;The coefficient of variation of leaf shape is 17.97%,and the diversity index H is 1.01.At the same time,it is also concluded that there is a significant similarity in the agronomic traits of the flat-nectarine peach germplasm,such as the performance of single traits such as petal type,pollen fertility,leaf tip,fleshy texture,and mucilaginous nucleus.3.Through correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis,it was found that there was a highly significant positive correlation between single fruit weight and fruit longitudinal,transverse,and lateral diameters,with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9.The soluble solids and Vc content showed a highly significant negative correlation,with a value of-0.914;By clustering,12 flat-nectarine peach germplasms were divided into4 categories,with the first category being the Jipinxiaoyoupan;The second category is Zhongyoupan7 and Zhongyoupan9;The third category is Jipinhuangyoupan1,Jipinhuangyoupan2,Shoubishanyoupan,and Zhongyoupan5;The fourth category is Fengweihuanghou,Zhongyoupanweihou,Zhongyoupanweimei,Shoubishanyoupan4,and Jinxiazaoyoupan;The principal components were divided into three principal components,with each characteristic value being 4.906,2.891,and 1.554 from high to low.The cumulative percentage of the three principal components was 93.514%.Finally,based on the comprehensive evaluation of the principal components,the scores of 12 flat-nectarine peach were ranked.From high to low,they were Zhongyoupan9,Zhongyoupan7,Fengweihuanghou,Zhongyoupanweihou,Zhongyoupanweimei,Jipinhuangyoupan1,Shoubishanyoupan,Shoubisha nyoupan4,Jinxiazaoyoupan;Jipinhuangyoupan 2,Zhongyoupanweimei,Jipinxiaoyoupan,and Zhongyoupan5,it is concluded that Zhongyoupan9 and Zhongyoupan7 are more suitable for promotion and cultivation in northern of Henan.