| This experiment was conducted in Yuanyang of Xinxiang and Xingyang of Zhengzhou for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2022.The first experiment was carried out in Yuanyang Modern Agricultural Science and Education Park of Henan Agricultural University in Xinxiang city,and the second experiment was in Xingyang Sai De Seed Breeding Station,Zhengzhou City.Under the field condition with high-yield management,some varieties(lines)currently planted in Henan Province were selected as the test materials.The performances of yield and quality of different wheat varieties were systematically studied in the two experiment sites.The results were aimed to provide theoretical and technical support for selecting wheat varieties(lines)suitable for different uses in the study fields.The main research results are as follows:(1)Comparison of yield and its components of different wheat varieties.Based on cluster analysis of yield and its components,60 wheat varieties(lines)from2020 to 2021(Yuanyang site)were divided into three types including the high-yield type,the medium-yield type,and the low-yield type.Among them,the high-yield type included 16 lines with average yield of 7744 kg· hm-2,the medium-yield type included 41 lines with average yield of 5969 kg·hm-2 and the low-yield type included 3 lines with average yield of4351 kg·hm-2.Likewise,60 wheat varieties(lines)from 2021 to 2022(Yuanyang site)were also divided into three types.Among them,the high-yield type included 10 lines with average yield of 9792 kg·hm-2,the medium-yield type included 32 lines with average yield of 8797kg·hm-2 and the low-yield type included 18 lines with average yield of 7484 kg·hm-2.And 71 wheat varieties(lines)from 2020 to 2021(Xingyang site)were divided into the same three types.The high-yield type included 53 lines with average yield of 8541 kg · hm-2,the medium-yield type included 14 lines with average yield of 7670 kg·hm-2 and the low-yield type included 4 lines with average yield of 6989 kg·hm-2.And 88 wheat varieties(lines)from2021 to 2022(Xingyang site)were studied.The high-yield type included 43 lines with average yield of 9302 kg·hm-2,the medium-yield type included 20 lines with average yield of8327 kg·hm-2 and the low-yield type included 20 lines with average yield of 7148 kg·hm-2.From 2020 to 2022,there were significant differences between the yields of the three types in the two sites.Through analysis of yield components,it was found that there were markedly differences in thousand grain weight and spike number between the high-yield type,the medium-yield type and the low-yield type.(2)Correlation between yield and its components of different yield types of wheat.From 2020-2021(Yuanyang site): The yield of high-yield type wheat was highly and positively correlated with the number of spike and the kernels per spike,while it was positively correlated with the thousand grain weight inapparently.The yield of medium-yield type wheat was highly positively correlated with the number of spike and the kernels per spike but was positively correlated with the thousand grain weight inapparently.There was no significant positive correlation between the yield of low-yield type wheat and the number of spike,the kernels per spike,and the the thousand grain weight.From 2021-2022(Yuanyang site): The yield of high-yield type wheat was highly and positively correlated with the kernels per spike,while it was positively correlated with the number of spike and the thousand grain weight inapparently.The yield of medium-yield type wheat was highly and positively correlated with the number of spike,the kernels per spike,and the thousand grain weight.The yield of low-yield type wheat was highly and positively correlated with the number of spike,the kernels per spike,and the thousand grain weight.From 2020 to 2021(Xingyang site): The yield of high-yield type wheat had a very significant positive correlation with the number of spike but had an inapparent positive correlation with the kernels per spike and the thousand grain weight.The yield of medium-yield type wheat was positively correlated with the number of spike,the kernels per spike,and the thousand grain weight inapparently.There was an inapparent and positive correlation between wheat yield and the number of spike,the kernels per spike,and the thousand grain weight.From 2021 to 2022(Xingyang site): The yield of high-yield type wheat had a significant positive correlation with the thousand grain weight but had a positive correlation with the kernels per spike and the thousand grain weight inapparently.The yield of medium-yield type wheat was significantly and positively correlated with the kernels per spike,while had an inapparently positive correlation with the number of spike and the thousand grain weight.The yield of low-yield type wheat was positively correlated with the kernels per spike,while it was positively correlated with the number of spike and the thousand grain weight inapparently.Therefore,the contribution of the three components to yield is not entirely the same in different regions,different years,and different yield standards.Thus,it is necessary to pay attention to the coordinated development of different components,while giving full play to the regulation function of components with significant contributions to yield,and stabilizing other components with less contribution.The breeding of wheat varieties(lines)should take into account a variety of components,rather than pursuing the maximum of a single component.Only when all factors are coordinated,can the optimal yield be achieved.(3)Analysis of physiological index differences among wheat varieties with different yield types.Leaf SPAD value and leaf area index: In 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,high-yield type wheat maintained relatively the high SPAD value and leaf area index during the growth period,but there was no significant difference among the three types of wheat varieties.The SPAD value and leaf area index of the three yield types in 2021-2022 were higher than those in2020-2021 at each growth stage.Population dynamics: In 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,there was no significant difference between different yield types at seedling stage,while there was significant difference between different yield types at wintering stage,jointing stage,heading stage,and maturity stage.The population number of wheat of the three yield types in 2021-2022 were higher than those in2020-2021 at wintering stage,jointing stage,heading stage,and maturity stage.At the same time,the population number of wheat during growth period of wheat was the high-yield type > the medium-yield type > the low-yield type.Dry matter accumulation: The difference in dry matter accumulation between different yield types of wheat in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at seedling stage,wintering stage,jointing stage,and heading stage did not reach a significant level,while the dry matter accumulation of high-yield type at maturity stage was significantly higher than that of middle and low-yield types of wheat.The dry matter accumulation of the three yield types of wheat in 2021-2022 was higher than that in 2020-2021 during wintering stage,jointing stage,heading stage,and maturity stage.Same as the population dynamics,the dry matter accumulation of wheat during the whole growing period was high-yield type > medium-yield type > low-yield type.(4)Analysis of differences in quality and traits of wheat varieties(lines)of different yield types of wheat.From the analysis results of main quality traits of wheat in Yuanyang trial site in2020-2021 and 2021-2022,it can be seen that the protein content and wet gluten content and sedimentation value of high,medium,and low-yield types of wheat are highly significant and positively correlated,while the wet gluten content and sedimentation value are also highly significant and positively correlated,while the grain unit weight has no significant relationship with other quality indicators.(5)Relationship between yield and quality.There is no significant difference in quality among the three yield types in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,but the average value of a single quality index is: low-yield type > middle yield-type > high-yield type.The three yield types in 2021-2022 with higher yields were lower in unit weight,sedimentation value,protein content,and wet gluten content than in2020-2021.To sum up,in view of the obvious differences in yield and quality between different types of wheat in different years and different regions,appropriate varieties and planting areas and reasonable cultivation techniques should be selected and priority should give to components related to yield improvement and quality improvement,so as to meet people’s different demands for wheat yield and quality. |
PDF Full Text Request